Domains and Kingdoms
3 Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
Words to know before we start… Organism- a living thing. Unicellular – one cell Multicellular – more than one cell Prokaryotic – doesn’t have a nucleus Eukaryotic – has a nucleus Autotroph – can create its own food Heterotroph – can’t make its own food
Domain Archaea Approximately 4% of all organisms are Archaea There are about 600,000 Archaea species All prokaryotes Includes one Kingdom: Archaebacteria Thermus aquaticus
Domain Archaea Include bacteria that live in extreme hot/cold environments Hot: hot springs (geysers at Yellowstone Park) and volcanic vents Cold: arctic temperatures (under polar ice caps, ocean waters of Antarctica) Also in extremely salty environments (Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake) Also in extreme chemical environments (in swamps, guts of cattle)
Domain Bacteria Approximately 7% of all organisms are Bacteria Estimated to be about 1 million types of bacteria of which only 4,000 have been identified Many are decomposers and non-harmful bacteria that help our bodies Many species help by producing antibiotics and food All prokaryotes Includes one Kingdom: Eubacteria
Ways bacteria affect you! Cause : Acne Cavities Body Odor Diseases – Strep Throat, Pneumonia, food poisioning Most bacterial species do not and cannot cause disease. Our body is covered with bacteria. There is more bacteria in one person’s mouth than there are people in the world.
Bacteria that are helpful Used to make foods like yogurt, sauerkraut, cheese, and vinegar Used to make medicines – antibiotics and vaccines Help to break down wastes (decomposers) like garbage, sewage, and oil – called bioremediation Help digest our food
Bacteria that cause disease Streptococcus Bacteria – causes Strep throat Bacterial Pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae Salmonella bacteria – causes food poisoning
Domain Eukarya Approximately 89% of all organisms are Eukarya There are about 12.4 million species All eukaryotes Includes four Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Kingdom Archaebacteria All prokaryotes Live in extreme environments Only unicellular Reproduce asexually Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Archae is the root for ancient Examples: Halophiles Thermophiles
Kingdom Eubacteria All prokaryotes Live in moderate environments Only unicellular Reproduce asexually Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Examples: E. coli Lactococcus lactis
Kingdom Protista All eukaryotes Mostly unicellular but some multicellular Can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic Can reproduce sexually or asexually 3 Groups Animal-like Plant-like Fungus-like Microscopic Live in Water
Kingdom Protista Animal-like protists Move Unicellular Heterotrophic Classified by how they move Cause many diseases Paramecium Amoeba
Kingdom Protista Plant-like Protists Autotrophic Algae are an example Found mostly in water Important food source for animals Don’t move
Kingdom Protista Fungus-like Protists Have cell walls Heterotrophic –must take in food Water molds, slime molds and mildew
Kingdom Fungi All eukaryotes Many multicellular and some unicellular All heterotrophs – feed on dead or decaying organisms Can not perform photosynthesis – no chloroplasts Can reproduce sexually or asexually Examples: Molds, Mushrooms and yeast
Kingdom Plantae All eukaryotic All multicellular All autotrophs, but in a few rare cases, some are also heterotrophs (Venus flytrap & Pitcher plant) Can reproduce sexually or asexually Life on Earth dependent on plants for food and habitat Examples: grass, trees, weeds and vegetable plants
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia All eukaryotes All multicellular All heterotrophs Most reproduce sexually, but some may be asexual (sea anemones) Usually able to move (except sea coral) Most have specialized sense organs to respond to environment 90% are insects
Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates – Don’t have backbones Insects Seas stars Sponges Jellyfish Worms Mollusks – snails, clams, octopus
Kingdom Animalia Vertebrates – Have backbone Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals