Chapters 10 & 11 TOBACCO & Alcohol.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapters 10 & 11 TOBACCO & Alcohol

Chapter 10 Alcohol A Dangerous Drug

What is Alcohol ? Most misunderstood drug It is a DEPRESSANT Must be 21 years of age to use this drug Does change the way your body functions

Blood Alcohol Level Proof - measures the level of alcohol in your body - BAL influenced by your gender & weight Also know as BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) Proof - measures % of alcohol (twice the % of alcohol) - 100 proof means 50% alcohol - 80 proof means 40% alcohol

How to measure 1 standard drink 12 ounce bottle of beer 5-6 ounce glass of wine 1.25-1.5 ounce glass of whiskey Key point: all of these drinks have about the same amount of alcohol content

Can one drink interfere with a person’s judgement & reflexes? YES When are you legally intoxicated? Measure your BAL Minors legally drunk .02 Georgia’s law for being legally drunk is .08 severe & dangerous intoxication level is .3 & up Define intoxication : being affected by alcohol (mild or severe)

Short & Long Term Effects on Alcohol Short-Term : After a few drinks, what can happen? Start to feel relax Face feels flush & warm (alcohol widens the blood vessels) Impaired vision & affects coordination After drinking too much, what can happen? Blackouts: Amnesia (loss of memory) Judgement center has been put to sleep. May act normal, but later unable to recall anything about it. Hangovers: Uncomfortable physical effects (headache or nausea) Time Only way to cure a hangover is:

Long-Term : After many years, how can alcohol seriously damage the body? The body is damaged in 3 phases: 1. Liver damage (takes one hour to break down 1 standard drink) 2. Cause serious disease of the liver Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver (high fever, yellowish scar tissue) Cirrhosis: condition in which liver cells are replaced by useless scar tissue 3. Can effect other functions of the body examples: increase other cancers, interrupt REM sleep, lower WBC count, and kills brain cells

Hepatitis

Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism Define Alcoholism: - the state of being psychologically & physically addicted to alcohol 3 Phases of Alcoholism Abuse: intentionally drinking to get drunk in large moderation Dependence: need the drug to function properly Addiction: alcohol has dominated the body and life Key Point: most risk factors for alcoholism can be CONTROLLED

Risk Factors for Alcoholism Can Control Cannot Control Drink before the age 21 Associating with people who drink Bending to peer pressure (say NO) Drinking beyond moderation Drinking at inappropriate times Drinking alone Genetics Environment Mothers who drink while pregnant, what happens? Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: set of birth defects that can occur when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol Types of birth defects include: Low birth weight, severe mental disabilities, facial deformities, behavioral problems

Hope for Recovery How does someone quit drinking? You must first admit that you have a problem (you are an alcoholic) The process of recovery can be an on going process (could take years) You have to over come the withdrawal symptoms Define withdrawal A process of discontinuing of a drug to which the body has become addicted Will suffer from: extreme nervousness, headaches, tremors, seizures

Seek professional help if you cannot do it on your own! Inpatient & Outpatient programs Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) – self-help program, involves 12 step Al-Anon: helps talk about the problem of living with an alcoholic Alateen: help teenagers cope with alcoholic parents

HAZARDOUS AND ADDICTIVE Chapter 11 TOBACCO HAZARDOUS AND ADDICTIVE

Tobacco Facts The most avoidable cause of death in the United States is Cigarette Smoking 80% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking Heart disease is 70% higher for smokers than nonsmokers 50,000 nonsmokers die from exposure to tobacco smoke each year

Chemicals of Tobacco Tobacco contains more than 4,000 chemical More than 401 of these chemicals are poisonous and 43 are carcinogens (cyanide, insecticide, fingernail polish remover, rat poisoning & formaldehyde) What are carcinogens? - cancer causing substances

3 most poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke: Tar: solid material in tobacco that condenses into a thick liquid Causes destruction of the cilia and respiratory disease What is Cilia? The bronchial tubes are lined with tiny hairs Cilia sweeps away agents that causes disease Nicotine: the addictive chemical found in tobacco Psychoactive chemical, chemical everyone gets hooked on, without nicotine, the body would go through physical withdrawals. Carbon Monoxide: a poisonous gas released by burning tobacco It interferes with the bloods ability to carry oxygen, causes shortness of breath

1st Time Smokers Leads to many different types of symptoms: Rapid pulse Cold clammy skin Lightheadedness Vomiting & diarrhea

Smoking & Diseases Cancer: a disease caused by cells that have lost normal growth controls, they invade and destroy healthy tissue. Cancer can happen anywhere in the body One major type of cancer is lung cancer Every year, 120,000 Americans die from this disease Other cancers include: larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas

Respiratory Diseases Chronic Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs and the production of excessive mucus - you wake up coughing and spitting up mucus - can lead to emphysema Emphysema: the tiny air sacs of the lungs lose their elasticity - these air sacs absorb oxygen coming into the body and help push carbon dioxide out of the body - shortness of breath, and you can’t breath without the help of a special oxygen tank

Mothers that Smoke There is a greater risk of miscarriage The baby might be born to early Low birth weight or other serious health problems Great chance of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) Fathers who smoke can still affect the fetus/newborn Baby receives nicotine from the mother’s breast milk

Risks of “Passive” Smoke A burning cigarette releases two types of smoke: Mainstream smoke: smoke passes through the tobacco and filter when the smoker inhales Sidestream smoke: smoke rises from the cigarette during the time the smoke is not inhaled 75% of the smoke that comes from a burning cigarette is sidestream smoke (enters the environment) A person who inhales the sidestream smoke of a cigarette is a Passive Smoker (SHS) Sidestream smoke contains twice as much tar and nicotine, and three times as much carbon monoxide as mainstream smoke Many new laws have been passed to protect the public from the danger of passive smoking

Other ways to get your fix of nicotine: (smokeless tobacco) Chewing tobacco: a form of smokeless tobacco that is placed between a person’s check & gum - releases juices of nicotine & other chemicals - juices mix with saliva/mucus membrane that is absorbed into the bloodstream - example: red man Snuff: ground tobacco that is inhaled through the nose or placed between the cheek & gum - nicotine & other chemicals are absorbed into the blood stream through the mucus membrane - example: Copenhagen What is Leukoplakia? Whitish or grayish patches that develop in the mouth that leads to cancer (dentist detect this while cleaning your teeth)

Snuff or dip Chewing Tobacco or chaw

Leukoplakia & Oral Disease

Quitting Smoking or Chewing Set a quitting date: choose a date & time when you know you will not be around smokers Decide your approach: approaches work for different people (some prefer “Cold Turkey”) Prepare your environment: throw all smoking materials away, in your home, at work, & car Get help if you need it: use of nicotine gum or patch (can purchase without prescription) Find other ways to cope with the stress: exercise, take long walks, stress management techniques, or seek professional help