The Digestive System or Alimentary Canal

What to think about….. What is the digestive system? Why do we need it (what’s its function)? How does it work? What are the different parts and their functions?

Function The digestive system is responsible for the physical and chemical breakdown of food so that it can be taken into the bloodstream and used by body cells and tissues Food is processed in 4 phases: Ingestion-mouth, digestion-stomach, absorption-sm or lg intestines, elimination-rectum, anus

Of all the things we do, what requires energy? Everything In order to obtain energy we need FUEL How do we get this fuel? We Eat

What does food provide besides just energy? RAW MATERIALS- we need to grow, repair tissues, and make new body cells. But before our bodies can use food it must be broken down

Why Digestion? Because food must be broken into smaller pieces that can fit inside a cell. The small pieces of food that contains the chemicals the body need to stay healthy are called Nutrients

The main nutrients that we need from food include: Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins Minerals

Where is most protein found? Proteins                  Meat Dairy Proteins are the main structure of cells and tissues. It is usually used for repair and replacement of body cells.

Where are most carbohydrates found? Pasta, Rice, Bread, Fruits                                   Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy.

2 kinds of Carbs Simple Carbohydrates- these carbs are your basic sugars that your body can turn into energy very quickly. Complex Carbohydrates- these carbs include potatoes and foods made from grains. Requires the body break them down first. Also called starches.

Where are most fats found? Dairy, oil, butter, meats, and especially fast foods. Fat is a way that the human body stores energy. Too much can be unhealthy though.

2 kinds of Fat The fat that is liquid at room temperature and is found in vegetable oils and seeds are: unsaturated fats Fats that are solid at room temperature and are considered not good for you are called saturated fats

The nutrient needed in small quantities in order to regulate body functions and prevent disease are called Vitamins Another substance needed by the body helps chemical reactions, builds cells, sends nerve impulses, and carries oxygen are minerals

Parts of the Digestive System Mouth pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large Intestine Rectum anus Together this makes a tube called the: Alimentary canal or digestive tract

About how long is the digestive tract? 30ft Other organs attached to the digestive tract called accessory organs include the pancreas Salivary glands Tongue teeth Liver Gall Bladder

This is the opening to the digestive system. Mouth What are 3 accessory parts of the mouth that aid in digestion? Salivary Glands TEETH Tongue

2 kinds of Digestion Mechanical The physical breakdown of food into smaller parts by cutting and tearing it (Mastication). What part of the mouth does this? TEETH

When food is broken down into smaller molecules is called Chemical Digestion In your mouth this is done by a liquid called saliva

When food is swallowed, where does it go next? Esophagus What is the esophagus? A tube that connects the mouth and the stomach.

How does food make its way through the digestive tract? Peristalsis What is peristalsis? Waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system.

2. Which of the following is a liquid at room temperature? A. Proteins B. Saturated fats C. Unsaturated fats D. Vitamins

2. Which of the following is a liquid at room temperature? A. Proteins B. Saturated fats C. Unsaturated fats D. Vitamins

1. What are the chemicals your body needs to be healthy? A. peristalsis B. nutrients C. organs D. saliva

1. What are the chemicals your body needs to be healthy? A. peristalsis B. nutrients C. organs D. saliva

3. What connects the mouth to the stomach? A. peristalsis B. pancreas C. esophagus D. protein

3. What connects the mouth to the stomach? A. peristalsis B. pancreas C. esophagus D. protein

4. Which of the following is not a nutrient? A. saliva B. protein C. fat D. carbohydrates

4. Which of the following is not a nutrient? A. saliva B. protein C. fat D. carbohydrates

A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical 5. The type of digestion that breaks down food into smaller molecules is A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical

A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical 5. The type of digestion that breaks down food into smaller molecules is A. Carbohydrate B. Peristalsis C. Mechanical D. Chemical

6. Which part of the mouth is responsible for mechanical digestion? A. lips B. tongue C. saliva D. teeth

6. Which part of the mouth is responsible for mechanical digestion? A. lips B. tongue C. saliva D. Teeth (mastication)

A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single 7. What do we call the kind of carbohydrate that is easy to get energy from, like sugar? A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single

A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single 7. What do we call the kind of carbohydrate that is easy to get energy from, like sugar? A. Simple B. Complex C. Double D. Single

8. Which of the following is not associated with the digestive tract? A. gall bladder B. liver C. pancreas D. ureter

8. Which of the following is not connected to the digestive tract? A. gall bladder B. liver C. pancreas D. ureter

9. Which of the following is a good source of protein? A. bread B. rice C. meat D. potatoes

9. Which of the following is a good source of protein? A. bread B. rice C. meat D. potatoes

10. How does food makes its way through the digestive tract? A. esophagus B. peristalsis C. mechanical D. complex

10. How does food makes it way through the digestive tract? A. esophagus B. peristalsis C. mechanical D. complex

Stomach has 2 valves/sphincters Cardiac valve or cardiac sphincter, which connects the esophagus to the stomach Pyloric valve or pyloric sphincter located at the base of the stomach and connects the stomach to the small intestines. Both contract and expand to allow food to enter and leave the stomach.

How does mechanical digestion occur in the stomach? The stomach produces gastric acid that helps breakdown food. The lining of the stomach contains folds called rugae that disappear as the stomach fills with food

What is gastric juice made of? Enzymes Pepsin starts protein digestion Lipase starts chemical breakdown of fats Hydrochloric Acid Kills bacteria Activates the enzyme pepsin Facilitates absorption of iron This is what helps in the chemical digestion of food in the stomach. Food spends about 2-4 hrs in the stomach.

A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach. HCL is very strong acid. Why does it not harm the tissue of the stomach? Mucus A layer of mucus provides protection from acid for the stomach.

What is the condition when acid gets through the layer of mucus and damages the inside of the stomach? Ulcer The major cause of peptic or duodenal ulcer is bacteria

As the food leaves the stomach, it has a new name called Chyme Chyme is a thin watery product that moves slowly out of the stomach and into the small intestine

As food enters the small intestine, breaks down the fats and oils in the food. bile Bile is a greenish liquid that acts like soap or detergent in how it can break apart fats and oils. This liquid is made by the the largest gland in the body, bile is stored in the liver gall bladder

Like the liver and gall bladder, the is also connected to the small intestine, it is located behind the stomach. pancreas

People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called The pancreas produces enzymes to help digestion. It also produces a hormone called insulin Insulin allows for the absorption of glucose by the body’s cells. Without it, the cells can’t absorb their food. People who’s pancreas does not produce insulin have a disorder called diabetes

circulatory system The is responsible for getting the nutrients from the small intestine out to the rest of the body. But first the molecules of food have to get from the Small Intestine into the blood.

The inside of the Small Intestine is covered with small fingerlike projections called The villi have capillaries running through them that can absorb the nutrients from the chyme. Most absorption and digestion has occurred Food spends about 3-5 hrs in the sm. intestine Villi

Some foods like cannot be digested. cellulose Some foods like cannot be digested. Cellulose is a kind of carbohydrate found in fruits and vegetables (plants). Often referred to as fiber. Fiber helps keep the digestive system running smoothly.

Does the body use all the food it eats Does the body use all the food it eats? The part of the food (chyme) not used in the small intestine travels to the Large Intestine

There is a small organ attached to the large intestine called the appendix The appendix essentially has no function but can become infected and an appendectomy due to appendicitis may be needed.

As the food moves Through the large intestine is absorbed. water As the water is extracted from the Large Intestines the waste product become more solid Undigested food can stay in the large intestine for 10 hours to several days This waste product is feces

Where does the feces collect before removal from the body? rectum When enough is collected the brain is signaled for elimination.

Diverticulitis inflammation or infection of small pouches called diverticula that develop along the walls of the intestines. Diverticulitis happens when feces gets trapped in these pouches. This allows bacteria to grow in the pouches. This can lead to inflammation or infection.

Cholecystitis Sometimes require removal of gallbladder

Cirrhosis a chronic destruction of liver cells and formation of fibrous scar tissue caused by hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and chemical toxins

More Digestive conditions… Diarrhea Occurs when the large intestine doesn’t absorb enough water and the stool is running and watery Constipation Occurs when the large intestines absorb too much water making the stool hard and dry

Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in your rectal/anus area similar to varicose veins Have a number of causes, although often the cause is unknown. They may result from straining during bowel movements or from the increased pressure on these veins during pregnancy.

Crohn’s disease A type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. It’s unpredictable and has many symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose, as well as treat. An estimated 1.4 million Americans have an IBD, and there’s about 30,000 new diagnoses each year. While there’s no cure, there are many treatment options, including surgery, medications, and dietary changes. https://www.healthline.com/health/crohns-disease/best-videos-of-the-year#2 - 7:09 “Crohn’s 101”, Also on this link “Living with Crohn’s Disease”

What is the food in the digestive tract called when the stomach passes it to the Small intestine? A. Chyme B. Bile C. Insulin D. Cellulose

What is the food in the digestive tract called when the stomach passes it to the Small intestine? A. Chyme B. Bile C. Insulin D. Cellulose

2. What is the greenish fluid excreted by the gall bladder that breaks down fats? A. Chyme B. Hydrochloric Acid C. Feces D. Bile

2. What is the greenish fluid excreted by the gall bladder that breaks down fats? A. Chyme B. Hydrochloric Acid C. Feces D. Bile

3. Where is water removed from the chyme? A. Pancreas B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

3. Where is water removed from the chyme? A. Pancreas B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

4. What is the hormone that is responsible for absorption of glucose and a lack of it causes diabetes? A. Chyme B. Enzyme C. Insulin D. Hydrochloric Acid

4. What is the hormone that is responsible for absorption of glucose and a lack of it causes diabetes? A. Chyme B. Enzyme C. Insulin D. Hydrochloric Acid

5. What are the finger like projections in the SI where nutrients are absorbed by capillaries surrounding it? A. Chyme B. Pancreas C. Villi D. Cellulose

5. What are the finger like projections in the SI where nutrients are absorbed by capillaries surrounding it? A. Chyme B. Pancreas C. Villi D. Cellulose

6. What organ makes bile? A. Pancreas B. Liver C. Stomach D. Small intestine

6. What organ makes bile? A. Pancreas B. Liver C. Stomach D. Small intestine

7. What is it in the stomach that helps break down food? A. Chyme B. Gastric Juices C. Insulin D. Bile

7. What is it in the stomach that helps break down food? A. Chyme B. Gastric Juices C. Insulin D. Bile

8. What condition can happen if the stomach lining fails to protect the stomach? A. Ulcer B. Diabetes C. Cellulose D. Bile

8. What condition can happen if the stomach mucous lining fails to protect the stomach? A. Ulcer B. Diabetes C. Cellulose D. Bile

9.What’s the correct order? A. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, L Intestine, S Intestine, rectum, anus B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S Intestine, L Intestine, pharynx, rectum, anus C. Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, S intestine, Stomach, L Intestine, anus, rectum D. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, S Intestine , L Intestine, rectum, anus

9.What is the correct order? A. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, L Intestine, S Intestine, rectum, anus B. Mouth, Stomach, Esophagus, S Intestine, L Intestine, pharynx, rectum, anus C. Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, S intestine, Stomach, L Intestine, anus, rectum D. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, S Intestine , L Intestine, rectum, anus

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Og5xAdC8EUI http://digestive-system.emedtv.com/ercp-video/digestive-system-video.html