Culture in the contemporary period 1867 – present (#3) Hist 404 #1 Ms. J. Rudochvilow http://msrudochvilow.weebly.com

Agenda Daily Document Review : Capitalism, Reformism, Feminism, Mass Culture and Church Conservatism Nationalism in French Canada Imperialism

Period: Contemporary Period (1867 to present) Date: Thursday March 12th, 2015 Period: Contemporary Period (1867 to present) Key Ideas: mass culture, entertainment, amusement parks Document Analysis: This image is an example of different forms of entertainment and mass culture that developed in late 19th and early 20th century in Quebec.

Changes to mass culture Industrialization & Urbanization Capitalism Social Reformism Feminism Changes to mass culture Church Conservatism So far, we’ve looked at: Industrialization of Quebec in the late 19th century

# 1 CAPITALISM British business class invested in industrialization and generated profits Created major social inequality Creation of working class districts divided based on culture and language # 2 SOCIAL REFORMISM & FEMINISM Created by elite English and French women in response to the poverty created by industrial development. Responsible for the creation of associations and initiatives. Resulted from the women reformists who did not have the right to vote. Campaigns for the right to vote and access to education.

# 3 CHANGES TO MASS CULTURE Media & Technology: penny newspapers, radio, theatre Sport and Recreation: hockey, amusement parks # 2 CHURCH CONSERVATISM Survival nationalism threatened by new mass culture Initiatives to protect Sundays from screenings of movies. Censure Bureau = power to screen movies Preventing people under age 16 from going to the theatre

Forms of nationalism in French Canada 1867 - 1950 Agriculturism: An ideology that values a traditional way of life based on agricultural work Between 1867 and 1950 different forms of French Canadian nationalism surfaced. Goal of nationalism  protection of the French language, the Catholic faith and traditional French values. Agriculturism surfaced as a solution to the mass exodus of French Canadians to the United States in the late 19th century. Creation of the Ministere de L’Agriculture et de la Colonisation was responsible for opening new areas of colonization and ensuring their supervision.

At the turn of the 20th century, French Canadian Nationalism changed. Henri Bourassa believed that the British North America Act was a pact between the immigrants of British origin and the French Canadians. He believed that the French Canadian Nation (Catholicism, French language and Church) could survive within in Canada if Canadians both English and French united to defend Canada’s autonomy from Great Britain. Bourassa’s vision clashed with the British Imperialists in Quebec who were attached to the colonial connection of Canada and Great Britain. Henri Bourassa

Imperialism in the early 20th century A policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world The imperialists in Canada which came from the British business class viewed Canada as a part of the British Empire. As a result, imperialists believed that Canada should fight in imperial wars of Great Britain. In 1899, the imperialists campaigned in support of Canada’s participation in the Boer War that was happening in South Africa. The nationalists that shared Bourassa’s ideas opposed Canada’s participation.

In 1903, the nationalists formed a nationalist association called The Canadian Nationalist League which advocated for autonomy toward Great Britain. In 1910, Bourassa founded the Le Devoir newspaper in Montreal where he published numerous articles attacking imperialists and their ideas. Nationalists and Imperialists clashed again after Conscription during WW1. It led to riots and there were fatalities in Montreal.

Video: Imperialism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_rHrGaoh4w

French Canadian Nationalism between 1920 and 1950 Survival nationalism started to resurface after the Great Depression. French Canadian nationalists criticized the social and cultural effects of capitalism and industrial development. They suggested themes of survival: family, religion and agriculture as a solution. Montreal Soup Kitchen, 1931

Intellectuals promoted traditional ways of life and values. Abbe Lionel Groulx was the main spokesperson of French Canadian Nationalism between 1920 and 1950. He believed that the Province of Quebec was the main political space able to guarantee the survival of the French Canadian language. Between 1920 and 1950, some nationalists promoted cooperation as a way of finding middle ground between agricultural life and capitalism Lionel Groulx

Exit Tweet or Exit Card What characterized the nationalism for which Henri Bourassa was a spokesperson?