Graphing, Metric System and Measurement Unit 1 Graphing, Metric System and Measurement

How can we look at our data? Use a graph A graph is a visual display of information or data

Circle Graphs or Pie Charts Used to show how a fixed quantity is broken down into parts. The circle represents the total and the slices represent the parts.

Bar Graphs Useful for comparing information collected by counting.

Line Graphs Used to show trends, or how data changes over time.

Parts of a Graph Title: Tells what the graph is about Independent Variable: The variable controlled by the experimenter (x-axis) Dependent Variable: The variable affected by the independent variable (y-axis)

Parts of a Graph Scale: The numbers used on the axis (should include all data) Legend: Describes data being graphed

Parts of a Graph Title Dependent Variable Scales (Numbers) Independent Legend

Metric System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bUVjJWA6Vw

Metric System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U04nHNUMfPA

Metric System The metric system is a standard system of measurement. We use prefixes with base units Measurement Base Unit Abbreviation Length meter m Volume liter L Mass Gram g

Prefixes kilo hecto deca BASE UNITS meter liter gram deci centi milli

Problem We need to measure the size of the room. What is the base unit? For length, we use meters. The room is 10m long.

Problem What if we need to measure a longer distance, like from home to school? You live approximately 10 miles from school 10 miles = 16100m That’s a big number. By changing the prefix and moving the decimal, we can make it more manageable. 16100m = 16.1km

Whiteboard Practice Convert 2.53g to kg Convert 0.0741L to dL Convert 125.2mm to m Convert 561kL to mL Convert 334.5cg to dag Convert 0.425 hm to dm

Measurement

Measurement Metric System - System of measurement used by scientists Also known as the International System of Units, abbreviated SI Based on the number 10

Length Length is the distance between two points base unit is the meter (abbreviated m) measured with a meter stick or a metric ruler

Measuring Length Start the measurement at the 0cm mark on the ruler or meter stick Read the length of the object to the whole centimeter, plus 2 decimal places (estimate the last one)

Measurement Practice Measure the length of the index card Measure the length of the pencil Measure the length of the paper clip Record your group’s results on the board at the front of the room. Measure 5.0mL of water in the graduated cylinder and show Mrs. D.

Temperature Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is Unit is ºC Water freezes at 0ºC Water boils at 100ºC The celsius scale is divided into 100 equal divisions Read thermometers to the nearest degree or half degree

Volume Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object base unit is the liter (abbreviated L)

Measuring Volume Volumes of many solid objects may be calculated by measuring the length, width, and height of the object, then multiplying the numbers together: V = L x W x H

Calculating Volume V = L x W x H V = 4cm x 3cm x 12 cm = 144 cm3

Measuring Volume Liquid volumes should be measured with a graduated cylinder (in mL) When reading a graduated cylinder, look at the graduated cylinder at eye level Read the bottom of the meniscus, the curve of the liquid on the cylinder Read to the nearest unit or half unit

Measuring Volume Volumes of irregular solid objects may be determined by the displacement method Put some water in a graduated cylinder and record the volume Add the object to the graduated cylinder Record the new volume The difference between the new volume and the original volume is the volume of the object

Mass Mass is the amount of matter in an object standard unit is the kilogram (abbreviated kg) Our balances measure mass in grams (g)

Measuring Mass Measure the mass of a solid using a balance Our balances are digital Use a weigh “boat” to hold the solid on the pan of the balance

Measuring Mass Digital balance Make sure the balance reads 0.0g If not, press the “Zero”button Measure the mass of the boat and record it Add the solid to the boat Measure the mass of the boat and the solid To find the mass of the solid, subtract the mass of the boat from the mass of the boat and the solid

Measuring Mass Measure the mass of a liquid using a balance and a graduated cylinder (GC) First mass the empty GC Add the liquid to the GC Mass the liquid and the GC together To get the mass of the liquid, take the mass of the liquid and GC and subtract the mass of the GC.

Density Density is the mass per unit volume of a material Density may be used to identify a material

Density Density is calculated using this formula Density = mass volume Units are usually g/cm3 This formula is on your reference table