Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics 11-1The Work of Gregor Mendel 11-2Probability and Punnett Squares 11-3Exploring Mendelian Genetics 11-4Meiosis 11-5Linkage and Gene Maps

11-1The Work of Gregor Mendel Objectives What is the principle of dominance? What happens during segregation?

Introduction Genetics: the scientific study of heredity

Gregor Mendel’s Peas The “father” of genetics Experimented with pea plants to understand the passing of traits Fertilization: Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Gregor Mendel’s Peas Cont’d True-breeding: Offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate Pea plants are usually true-breeding, but Mendel cross-pollinated these plants to identify how traits are inherited

Blue Ticket Question What is fertilization?

Blue Ticket Answer Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Genes and Dominance Trait: a specific characteristic that varies from 1 individual to another Hybrids: the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits Gene: sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait Alleles: one of a number of different forms of a gene

Genes and Dominance Cont’d The principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive People with dominant alleles will show those traits There must be 2 recessive traits to show

Segregation Segregation: separation of alleles during gamete formation Gamete: specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction When organisms make gametes, the 2 alleles segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene

11-1 Exit Ticket Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences. You may NOT use your book. You MAY use your notes. This is a quiz grade. What is the principle of dominance? What happens during segregation?