Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican 4th President of the United States 1801-1809

The Age of Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, had many interests and talents… Politics Farming Architecture Law Geography Botany Natural History Fine food Wine

Thomas Jefferson “Let us then fellow citizens, unite with one heart and one mind…every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle…we are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” (First Inaugural Address, 1801) “Here was buried Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of American Independence, of the statute of Virginia for religious freedom, and the father of the University of Virginia.” (Jefferson had this written on his tombstone)

What type of person did Thomas Jefferson seem to be? Intelligent multi-talented humble caring

William Marbury was John Adams “midnight” justice appointment. Using the Judiciary Act of 1801, Adams appointed as many Federalist judges as possible before Jefferson officially took office. MARBURY V MADISON William Marbury was John Adams “midnight” justice appointment. Secretary of State James Madison refused to give him the job.

The Supreme Court denied Marbury’s claim. Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the Court ruled that the law under which Marbury sued was unconstitutional. MARBURY V MADISON The principle of judicial review was established whereby the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution. “It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is.” -John Marshall

Why do you think that the Jefferson administration would not want John Marbury to be a federal judge? Different political party’s Opposing views Less support

To avoid conflict Jefferson asked to buy Louisiana. France and Spain traded control of the Louisiana Territory several times At one time the port of New Orleans was closed to American shipping, which angered U.S. citizens. LOUISIANA PURCHASE AND EXPEDITION To avoid conflict Jefferson asked to buy Louisiana. France needed money to fight its wars so Napolean offered to sell all of Louisiana territory for $15 million (≈3¢ per acre) The size of the U.S. doubled

Some thought there would be dinosaurs and mountains made of diamonds Explorations of the little known territory were made under Jefferson’s authority. Some thought there would be dinosaurs and mountains made of diamonds Merriwether Lewis and William Clark led the Corps of Discovery under the guide of Sacajawea to find a water route to the Pacific. LOUISIANA PURCHASE AND EXPEDITION Zebulon Pike explored the southern part of the territory until he was captured in Santa Fe, then let free to go back to the U.S. The explorations resulted in maps of the area, descriptions of the geography including plant and animal life present, and the types of people encountered there.

Why did Lewis and Clark take Sacajawea as a guide? Spoke 2 different Native American languages Familiar with the land Familiar with the people

Problems with Foreign Powers Other countries interference makes it hard for Jefferson to stay out of foreign affairs: British impressment of U.S. citizens French and British interference with shipping British support of Native American resistance War Hawks called for war with Britain