We may need to get rid of the woodpecker!

Unit 2A: The CLASSICAL MIDDLE EAST

JUDAISM Chapter 3, Section 4

*Hebrews, Children of Israel, Jews* Originated in Babylon *Were led into Palestine by Abraham, father of the Hebrews 1800-1650BC, drought forced some Hebrews into Egypt where they were forced into slavery

THE BOOK OF EXODUS Story of Moses,1300-1220BC, leading the Hebrews out of Slavery in Egypt & crossing the Red Sea Wander the Sinai Peninsula for 40 yrs.

*10 COMMANDMENTS* . On Mt. Sinai, 1250BC, Moses was given the 10 Commandments *Became the basic laws of conduct for Judaism and Christianity

Mt. Sinai, where Moses received the 10 Commandments Mt. Sinai, where Moses received the 10 Commandments. In the foreground here is the Monastery of St. Catherine, with Mt. Sinai rising in the background . The courtyard of this monastery is the traditional site of the Burning Bush mentioned in the Bible.

* COVENANT* *COVENANT – agreement between GOD & MAN Hebrews believed they were God’s “CHOSEN PEOPLE” AS LONG AS THEY OBEYED THE 10 COMMAND-MENTS

YAHWEH YAHWEH is the Jewish GOD Monotheism-worship only 1 GOD. Yahweh is the one & only GOD

*SOLOMON Son of David Ruled for 40 yrs *BUILT 1st HEBREW TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM – ARK OF THE COVENANT

Ruins of Temple of Jerusalem Dome of the Rock-Islam

A reconstruction of Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem A reconstruction of Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem. King Solomon ruled Israel between 970 and 930 B.C. He perfected the work of organizing the central government begun by his father David, he developed trade in distant places, and achieved fame as a sage and poet. He also under took a vast building program dictated by defense needs. This temple, on which Solomon spent lavishly, was an atttempt to centralize the cult of Yahweh in Jerusalem. In its inner chamber was the Ark of the Covenant. This is one of the many conceptions of the temple.

KINGDOM DIVIDED After Solomon’s death the kingdom is divided into 2 kingdom’s: 1. Israel, north, 10 tribes 2. Judah, south, 2 tribes

Disaster for the Hebrews Babylonian King Nebuchanezzar captures Judah 586BC, enslaves the Hebrews, & destroys Solomon’s Temple Assyrians, 722BC, conquer Israel & disperse the Jews to distant places

*PERSIANS * * Cyrus the Great, allowed the Hebrews to return to Jerusalem & rebuild the Temple 515BC 2nd Temple completed

The Wailing Wall or Western Wall in Jerusalem The Wailing Wall or Western Wall in Jerusalem. As a physical remnant of the ancient Jewish temple, it has become an object of pilgrimage for Jews from around the world. It has remained a symbol of Jewish attachment to the land Palestine and is a reminder of the destruction of the temple and scattering of the Jews around 70 AD. These hug rows of rocks made up the western wall of the courtyard of the ancient temple.

*JEWISH RELIGION *Called JUDAISM GOD is not physical No physical images

*ETHICAL MONOTHEISM*-Jews greatest contribution. MORALS ONE & ONLY GOD Fierce & vengeful later changed to A WISE & FORGIVING GOD *Emphasis on moral conduct and the worship of one God

JEWISH RELIGION TORAH-1st 5 books of the Old Testament 10 Commandments No one is above the law Influenced Islam & Christianity *One of the FEW religions at this time that worshipped just ONE God HEBREW LAW DEMANDED THAT SlaVES BE TREATED WITH KINDNESS. WOMEN HAD FEW RIGHTS AND UNDER HEBREW LAW, BUT RESPECT FOR WOMEN WAS TAUGHT – Music 8 days

*ZOROASTER Persian (Iranian) Prophet *Established early beliefs in Heaven, hell and a final judgment Introduced the idea of Monotheism into a Polytheistic Persian culture ZOROASTRIANISM religion influenced early Judaism, Christianity, & Islam