The War of 1812.

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Presentation transcript:

The War of 1812

America's Second War for Independence?

Presidential Election of 1808

James Madison Becomes President

Dolly Madison

Causes of the War?

1. Napoleonic Wars 1806  Berlin Decrees [“Continental System”] 1806  Britain issued the “Order in Council.” 1807  Milan Decrees 1808-1811  Britain impressed over 6,000 American sailors.

2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair” June 21, 1807. Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake. 3 dead, 18 wounded. Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake. Jefferson’s Response: Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports. Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.

Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”

3. The Embargo Act (1807) The “OGRABME” Turtle Forbade export of all goods from the US. Unexpected Consequences: 1807 exports  $108 mil. 1808 exports  $ 22 mil.

4. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) Replaced the Embargo Act. Reopened trade with all nations EXCEPT Britain and France. Remained U. S. policy until 1812. Unexpected Consequences: N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened]. Laid the groundwork for US industrial power. Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!

5. Br. Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

6. “War Hawks” in Congress John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY]

Political Cartoon of the Period

Presidential Election of 1812

“Mr. Madison’s War!”

American Problems The US was unprepared militarily: Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s 800 ships. Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. Financially unprepared: Flood of paper $. Revenue from import tariffs declined. Regional disagreements.

Overview of the War

Campaigns of 1813

Attack on Ft. Oswego, 1814

The White House Is Burning; The British Are Coming, AGAIN The White House Is Burning; The British Are Coming, AGAIN!! (August 24, 1814)

Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814 And the rockets red glare The bombs bursting in air… -- Francis Scott Key

Gave proof through the night, That our flag was still there..

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns

Hartford Convention December, 1814 – January, 1815 New England Considers Cecession!

Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814 The status quo ante.