The Human Body: An Orientation

The Human Body—An Orientation Anatomy Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology Study of how the body and its parts work or function

Anatomy or Physiology? 1. The human heart has four chambers 2. The human heart pumps blood carrying oxygen and other essential nutrients all over the body to help us survive. 3. One of the functions of the liver and kidneys work to filter out unneeded and harmful substances from our body. 4. Osteoblasts are one of the types of cells found in human bone. 5. Osteoclasts are another type of cell in bone that function by breaking down bone.

Anatomy—Levels of Study Gross anatomy Large structures Easily observable Figure 14.1

Anatomy—Levels of Study Microscopic Anatomy Very small structures Can only be viewed with a microscope Figure 14.4c–d

Microscopic and Gross Anatomy? 1. Muscle cells in a slide underneath a microscope 2. The stomach 3. Ossicles, the tiny bones found in the ear, visible with the naked eye 4. The liver 5. Hepatic liver cells, small cells in your liver not visible to the naked eye 6. A neuron, a brain cell

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cardio- vascular system Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1

Levels of Structural Organization Molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1, step 1

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1, step 2

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1, step 3

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1, step 4

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cardio- vascular system Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1, step 5

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cardio- vascular system Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Figure 1.1, step 6

Which level of organization? 1. The stomach 2. Mr. Ward 3. One of Mr. Dalton’s skin cells 4. The lymphatic system 5. The brain 6. A group of muscle cells 7. Some sodium molecules in the brain 8. DNA 9. A wombat

Create a levels of organization poster! Mr. Ward will assign partners You will be working in a partnership to create a poster that will include the following: 1. The 6 levels of organization, represented beautifully by your artistic work 2. Each level of organization must include a picture, as well as 2-3 sentences describing why your picture is an example of that level of organization 3. Be creative! I want to hang these up around the room, be proud of this work. 4. There will be a quiz that requires knowledge of the levels of organization at the end of the week, so make sure you are getting this!