Global Peacemakers
Casualties of War
Talk of Peace Wilson’s Fourteen Points End to secret treaties Removal of trade barriers among nations Reduction of military forces Right of self-determination Allies discarded many proposals
Paris peace conference January 1919 Wilson headed talks on American behalf Not interested in spoils of war Wilson forced to compromise The Big Four U.S., Britain, France, Italy Wanted huge reparations from Central Powers Feared spread of communism from Russia Allied powers took over German colonies
League of Nations Wilson wanted international peace organizations Creation of League of Nations Attack on one country attack on all Congress voted down League of Nations
Peace Treaty Redrew the map of Europe Some nations created as a buffer to communism Arraignments created more ethnic tension Reduced ottoman empire to Turkey Italy gained almost no territory Placed guilt on Germany 1921 – Reparations Commission ruled Germany owed $33 Billion to allies
New Map
Review How important were Wilson’s Fourteen Points to the outcome of the peace talks? What were American fears about the Fourteen Points? What were some reasons for the redrawing of the map of Europe?
Singing of Treaty May 7, 1919 Germany refused to sign French threatened invasion June 28 Germany signed at Versailles outside Paris
Reaction at Home Senate hated League of Nations contract in treaty Wilson toured the nation Wilson grew inflexible All or nothing Senate rejected treaty March 1920 still rejected May 20, 1920 congress disregarded treaty and declared war over Vetoed July 2, 1921 Another resolution passed and President Harding Signed
Postwar adjustments War enlarged economy 1922 Senate debt commission declared Europe owed $11.5 billion to U.S. Britain decline in power France as well Returning service men had no jobs No plan for peacetime economy Women and minorities fired to make way for returning men
Closure What was the name of President Wilson’s request for peace? How did congress react the idea of the League of Nations? Why? What were some consequences to post war adjustment both abroad and at home?