BELL WORK Take out your Ch. 17-2 Notes/reading packet to help you answer the questions; Once the U.S. enters the war it joins forces w/ the Allies. They took part in two major battles (Battle of the Atlantic and Stalingrad). 1.What were the goals and results of these two battles for the Allies? 2. What was Operation Torch and who led it?

Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force! You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers in arms on the other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world. I have full confidence in your courage and devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory! ~General D. Eisenhower

Objective: Investigate the preparations for D-Day invasion, the challenges of this operation and argue for a specific plan to invade or weaken German control of Europe.

Bell Work On what date does D-day take place? What two major allied countries led the attack and against who? What do you think the “D” in D-Day stands for?

Major Events prior to D-Day War plans- Churchill & Roosevelt plan to take down Germany & Italy first (worry about Japan later)

Battle of the Atlantic Hitler orders submarine raids against U.S. ships to prevent food & supplies from getting to GB Allies respond w/ convoys for protection Followed by destroyers w/ sonar Shipbuilding program Build ships faster than Germans can sink them

Convoys

Battle of Stalingrad Germans v. Russians Hitler wanted oil fields & city of Stalingrad (major industrial center) Hitler controls 9/10ths of city Lenin orders soldiers to defend city at all costs Soviets take advantage of winter Turning point for war! Soviets begin moving towards Germany

Stalingrad

Operation Torch Roosevelt & Church agree not enough troops to attack Hitler in Europe Operation an alternative- invasion of Axis controlled Africa Win for Allies (May 1943)

Operation Overlord Goal to free Italy and Europe from Nazis Plan given to Eisenhower British, American, Canadian (3 million supplies & men) Plan- to attack Normandy, France Top secret (use of phantom army) to throw off Hitler

D-Day First day of attack June 6 3 divisions parachuted down German lines (12am) Followed by seaborne soldiers German retaliation (Omaha beach) 7 days of fighting Within 1 month- 1 million troops /supplies Massive all raid Along w/ French resistance (France = freed)

You will be investigating 3 different invasion scenarios You will experience the same concerns, fears, and debates that Allied battle planners did in 1944. You will be investigating 3 different invasion scenarios Pas de Calais Normandy Bypassing France

Bell Work What was the result of D-Day? Why was this invasion significant in WWII for the allies?

Military Invasion Plan Esteemed Allies, In regards to the liberation of France and eventually all of Europe from the Germans (we/I) are proposing the following invasion plan: The plan consists of landing in…. This area would make a smart landing area because…. ***If you’re done early- start on the Pacific Battles Graphic Organizer! Fill in as much as you can from the reading.

Bell Work What were some of the major problems/obstacles in planning the invasion of Normandy? What are some problems your group is having in proposing your invasion plan?

Bell Work Take out your Ch.17-3 The War in the Pacific Reading & Pacific Battles graphic organizer from yesterday. I will come around and check your HW. Based on what you’ve read about the Pacific Battles, what similarities and differences do you see in terms of fighting, strategies on both sides, casualties, ect.? Which of these battles do you think was the most difficult win for the U.S. and allies and why?

Expectations Voice level: 0 Raise your hand for question/comment Work individually & copy notes Stay in your seats Consequences; back table, RM 106

Post D-Day invasion By September 1944- Allies free France, Belgium & Luxemburg Battle of Bulge: Americans capture first German town Germans able to break Ame. defenses Captured 120 American GI’s Lasted 1 month Soldiers & weapons couldn’t be replaced German could do nothing but retreat

Allied troops liberate concentration camps Allies storm onto Berlin Post D-Day invasion Allied troops liberate concentration camps Allies storm onto Berlin Hitler commits suicide May 1945; Allies celebrate “Victory in Europe Day” (V-E Day) With the defeat of Nazis in Germany & Italy; the Allies turned their attention to the Japanese in the Pacific