FIGURE 1. 1. 1. 1 A Gallon of Gasoline FIGURE 1.1.1.1 A Gallon of Gasoline. There are many hazardous chemicals in and around our homes, although we might treat them as more hazardous in a lab than in the home since we are so used to them at home.

FIGURE 1. 1. 1. 2 The Four Principles of Safety FIGURE 1.1.1.2 The Four Principles of Safety. These four principles appear in nearly every section of this book. Memorizing, and using, these ideas whenever you think about safety issues will lead to “incident-free” laboratories.

FIGURE 1. 1. 1. 3 Eyewash Safety Sign FIGURE 1.1.1.3 Eyewash Safety Sign. There are usually several signs indicating the location of safety equipment in laboratories. These often have pictograms that indicate the use of the safety equipment.

FIGURE 1. 1. 1. 4 The Student Safety Ethic FIGURE 1.1.1.4 The Student Safety Ethic. This safety ethic reflects a mindset of attitude and responsibility that keeps you, and others, safe in the laboratory.

FIGURE 1.2.1.1 Laboratory bench at Texas Tech University after an explosion. Two students were seriously injured. The Chemical Safety Board conducted an extensive, formal safety review of this incident.1 (See Incident 5.3.3.2)

FIGURE 1.2.1.2 Student bending glass tubing (reenactment) (Courtesy of Dr. Charles Kingbury (retired), University of Nebraska Lincoln) FIGURE 1.2.1.3 Instructor burned by hot glass tubing (reenactment) (Courtesy of Dr. Charles Kingbury (retired), University of Nebraska Lincoln)

FIGURE 1. 2. 2. 1 Wittig Reaction on Cyclohexanone FIGURE 1.2.2.1 Wittig Reaction on Cyclohexanone. Even at 100% yield, this reaction has a poor atom economy of only 26%.

FIGURE 1. 3. 1. 1 The Safety Ethic FIGURE 1.3.1.1 The Safety Ethic. In the workplace, this safety ethic reflects a mindset of attitude and responsibility that keeps you, and others, safe in the laboratory.

FIGURE 1.3.2.1 Formaldehyde (Formalin) CH2O This compound is a respiratory and skin sensitizer, human carcinogen, and a severe irritant.

FIGURE 1. 3. 2. 2. The chemical industry is very interested in safety FIGURE 1.3.2.2. The chemical industry is very interested in safety. Incidents in manufacturing plants can be very costly in money and human life. This animated image from the U.S. Chemical Safety Board Partridge-Raleigh investigation shows unprotected workers putting themselves at risk and violating OSHA standards. See also Special Topic 6.1.2.2: A Case Study in Risk Management – The Tragedy at Bhopal, India

FIGURE 1.3.3.1 Location of the Hazard Communication Standard and “Lab Standard” in the Code of Federal Regulations. The CFR is millions of pages of federal legislation. Finding a particular regulation requires knowledge of the organization of the CFR

FIGURE 1. 3. 6. 1 Circulating in the lab FIGURE 1.3.6.1 Circulating in the lab. It is best to constantly be walking around the lab and “checking in” with the students to monitor their progress in the lab, answer questions, and monitor safety concerns. Can you spot a safety violation in this picture? The answer is at the end of the section. (Photo by Erin Pence, Wittenberg University. Used by permission.)