Figure 2 Classifications and appearance of CCAs Figure 2 | Classifications and appearance of CCAs. a | Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are classified according to the anatomical location into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA). b | Concerning the gross appearance, the iCCA can present three different patterns of growth: mass-forming; periductal infiltrating; and intraductal growth. Banales, J. M. et al. (2016) Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA) Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.51