Stuart Dynasty Revolution in England

James I (James VI of Scotland) 1603 - 1625 Son of Mary Queen of Scots – The one beheaded by Elizabeth I Scottish=outsider. Extremely Intelligent His “Lovelies”

Religion Mother Catholic – Catholic Support Raised Protestant – Protestant Support Presbyterian Church – New church that opposed the hierarchy of the Anglican and Catholic Churches James tries to appease both by finding middle ground Both Churches oppose James Catholics upset he does not convert country back to Catholicism Presbyterians upset he forces church hierarchy

James I Divine Right of Kings James believed he got his right to rule from God. The King is not beholden to the people.

James I Gunpowder Plot Catholic plan was to blow up the House of Parliament and the King On November 5, 1605, Guy Fawkes is caught guarding 36 barrels of gunpowder beneath the House of Lords. Fawkes and seven others are convicted of treason. Hanged; Drawn; and Quartered Monteagle Letter: "they shall receive a terrible blow this Parliament; and yet they shall not see who hurts them".

Gun Powder Plot VS. James becomes a recluse Plot leads to Anti-Catholic feelings throughout England leading England to become more Protestant. VS.

King James Bible Commissioned the King James Bible Used by the vast majority of Protestant churches today

Charles I 1625 - 1649 Marries Henrietta Marie of France – Catholic Parliament refused to coronate her Believed he had the right to rule without Parliament

Petition of Right- 1628 Charles waged a naval war against Spain Parliament refused to agree to a rise in taxes Charles is forced to sign the Petition of Right No taxation without Parliament’s consent No imprisonment without cause No quartering of soldiers No martial law in time of peace

The Short Parliament Short Parliament - Three Weeks 1629-1640 – Personal Rule Charles rules without Parliament Ship Tax pays for much of England's finances until a rebellion in Scotland requires Charles to pass new taxes Short Parliament - Three Weeks Calls Parliament to raise taxes. Parliament wants Charles to hear complaints Charles sends them home

Long Parliament - 11 years One year later Charles called them again Charles again dismissed Parliament when they refused to raise taxes. This time Parliament refused to go home. Triennial Act – Parliament must be called every three years. Irish Rebellion Catholic rebellion in Ireland lead to rumors that Henrietta Maria (Charles’ Wife) was conspiring to help the Irish Catholics. Members of Parliament called for her impeachment.

The 5 Members Charles attempted to arrest 5 members of Parliament. On January 4, 1642 Charles entered the House of Commons to arrest 5 members accused of coordinating the Scottish rebellion and planning to impeach the Queen. The Speaker of the House refused to give him information.  "May it please your Majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place but as the House is pleased to direct me, whose servant I am here". The House of Commons is beholden to the People not the King.

The English Civil War Charles’ entry into the House of Commons was a serious insult to the independence of Parliament. Parliament declared war on the throne. The King’s forces Cavaliers Parliamentary forces The Round Heads – Due to their puritan haircuts Led by Oliver Cromwell

Outcome Civil war broke out in England and lasted for 4 years (1642 – 1646) Charles fled to Scotland but was captured and returned by the Scottish. Charles was arrested and was made to stand trial. Only about ½ of Parliament agreed to the trial. The rest refuse to attend.

The Trial Only ½ of the members of Parliament agreed to judge the trial. Charles refused to recognize the legality of a court that could try a king. "I would know by what power I am called hither. I would know by what authority, I mean lawful [authority]". Charles was found guilty of Treason. 59 to 0 with 8 members abstaining Charles is beheaded on January 30, 1649.

The Commonwealth (Fake News) 1649 - Oliver Cromwell was elected head of the “Rump Parliament” (Refuses to be Crowned King) For four years Cromwell lead expensive military campaigns against Scotland and Ireland, against Parliament’s advice. 1651- Cromwell dissolved Parliament and declared himself Lord Protector. (England was now a Military Dictatorship under Cromwell.) 1658 - Oliver Cromwell died leaving England with no government and no way forward. In 1661, Cromwell's body is exhumed, he is posthumously charged with treason, and beheaded.