PERSIAN WAR 7-2 continued

PERSIAN WAR Persia- strong empire from modern day ______ Iran Controlled Greek city-states in Asia ___________ City-states rebelled (with the help of __________) Persia crushed the revolt & continued towards __________ to punish them Greeks met them on the Plains of Marathon Iran Minor Athens Greece

BATTLE OF MARATHON 25 miles NE of ____________ Greeks sent Pheidippides, their swiftest runner, to bring help from Sparta, 150 miles away. 25 miles NE of ____________ 20,000 Persians vs. 11,000 Greeks Persians lost __________ men/ Greeks lost 192 Legend Persians retreated and would come back again Athens Before he returned the Greeks attacked the Persians with a running charge. The Persians fired a shower of arrow, but the speed & heavy armor of the Greeks enabled them to reach the Persians with small losses. When the 2 armies met up close, the Greeks superior weapons & body strength enabled them to win. 6,400 Greeks, fearing Athens may surrender to Persians navy, sent Pheidippides to run the 25 miles to Athens to tell them of victory. He reached Athens & gasped, “Rejoice, we conquer” & fell to ground-dead.

Second Persian War _________ returned with a force of 150,000 men and 600 ships Only 31 city-states resisted under __________ command Greek strategy was to delay the Persians on land and defeat them with Athenian ships at _______ Xerxes Spartan sea

Battle of Thermopylae _____ Spartans and a handful of Greek allies fought to the death to delay the Persians Their actions serve as an example of courage and self-sacrifice 300

Battle of Thermopylae (the real story) A former Spartan king told Xerxes about the Spartans, “1 against 1, they are as good as anyone in the world. But when they fight together, they are the best of all. For though they free men, they are not entirely free. They accept the Law as their master. And they respect this master more than your subjects respect you. Whatever the Law commands, they do. And this command never changes: It forbids them to flee in battle, whatever the number of their foes. It requires them to stand firm-to conquer or die”.

Battle of Thermopylae (the real story) Kind Leonidas asked the Spartan council for permission to missing the approaching religious holiday. The council refused but allowed him to take his royal bodyguard. 300 Spartans were chosen from men who already had a male heir so that no family lines would die out. As he started the march his wife met him and asked what she should do. He replied,”To marry good men and bear good children”.

Battle of Thermopylae (the real story) The Persian army was so large (200-250,000) that it took 5 days for the back to catch up to the front. They literally drank rivers dry.

Battle of Thermopylae (the real story) The Persian army was so large (200-250,000) that it took 5 days for the back to catch up to the front. They literally drank rivers dry.

Battle of Thermopylae (the real story) The Spartans met up with allies along the way to increase their numbers to 7000 soldiers. At Thermopylae they rebuilt an ancient wall. A Persian spy saw the Spartans in front of the wall, combing their hair and doing gymnastics.

Battle of Thermopylae (the real story) A Persian envoy went to the Spartans to warm them to surrender. They explained that there were so many Persian archers that when they fired their arrows blotted out the sun. Leonidas responded, “How pleasant then, if we’re going to fight them in the shade”.

Battle of Thermopylae (the real story) Xerxes sent two waves at the Spartans but were defeated. He then sent 10,000 immortals, his best troops commanded by his brother-the result was the same.

Battle of Thermopylae (the real story) A traitor told Xerxes about a goat path. He sent troops through the pass to surround the Greeks. Leonidas sent the other Greeks away but the Spartans stayed for a final glorious death. Leonidas was killed- Persians demanded his body in exchange for their lives They refused- “A Spartan leaves the field with his shield or on it” In all, about 1-2000 Greeks were killed while the Persians lost more than 20,000.

BATTLE OF SALAMIS Greeks had slow, clumsy _________ compared to Persians Greeks filled their boats with soldiers- fighting platforms Were able to defeat the Persian navy, cutting off __________ to their huge army ships supplies

Persian Defeat Without the support of their supply ships, the Persians retreated back to their homeland, never to invade __________ again. With their victory, the Greeks preserved ___________ and their culture. Greece democracy