How does structure relation to function?

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Presentation transcript:

How does structure relation to function? Macromolecules How does structure relation to function?

Macromolecule Foldable Foldable Format Macromolecule Foldable General Structure Nucleic Acids Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates

General Structure Monomer – single subunit of a larger molecule Polymer – large molecule made of repeating subunits (monomers) Macromolecules are important polymers found inside cells.

Nucleic Acids Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur  Monomers: Nucleotides Biological Function: Store genetic information Direct the synthesis of proteins Examples: DNA (2 Strands) RNA (1 Strand)

Proteins Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Monomers: Amino Acids Biological Functions: Catalyze chemical reactions (enzymes) Structural support Transport molecules in cell Protective molecules of cell Examples: Enzymes, Collagen, Keratin , Hemoglobin (blood), Antibodies

Lipids Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen (Phosphorus, Sulfur) Monomers: glycerol + fatty acid chains Biological Functions: Nonpolar molecules (Not soluble in water) Insulation Waterproofing Long term energy storage Make up cell membrane Examples: Fats, Phospholipids, Waxes, Oils, Steroid

Carbohydrates Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen atoms (1:2:1 ratio) Monomers: Simple sugars = Monosaccharides (glucose) Biological Functions: Energy storage Structural support Examples: Monosaccharides = glucose, fructose Disaccharides = sucrose Polysaccharides = starch, glycogen , cellulose, chitin

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