Lillie A, Maddie B, Sophia K, and Richa M

First Battle of Ypres- October 19 – November 30 1914 Fought in Ypres, Belgium between the allied powers and the triple alliance. When the race to sea ended at the coast, the British forces retreated back to Belgium’s aid after the Germans forced them back to Ypres. The attack began when the German Chief of Staff, Falkenhayn, ordered an advance. In mid November, British forces succeeded in sealing a breach in their lines at Nonne Bosschen. German attacks continued over the next few days, they were largely minor. On November 30, all attacks came to a halt. There is debate around the real outcome of the war, but most sources point to a draw after the weakening of the Germans and the harsh weather conditions. (Like Gallipoli) War fact: A German corporal named Adolf Hitler rescued a wounded comrade and won the highest honour a German soldier could win – the Iron Cross.

Second Battle of Ypres- 22 April – 25 May 1915 Purpose of Battle: to acquire the control of the strategic town of Ypres in western Belgium. In order to eliminate Belgium as an obstacle between the German army and France In order to help put the Schlieffen Plan into action (which was to attack France and then Russia) Between Allies (France and Britain) and Germany Note: Britain fought in this war because Britain had a treaty with Belgium, making them allies Poison gas was first introduced as a weapon on the western front by the Germans. Due to wind the gas attack was delayed and the British and French were warned about the usage of gas in the next attack. Chlorine Gas Those who inhaled the gas in large quantities died painful deaths; the remainder fled in panic, many choking and gasping horrendously. German soldiers ignite chlorine gas canisters

Second Battle of Ypres- 22 April – 25 May 1915 Fritz Haber Known for his supervision of the German poison gas program during World War I German physical chemist winner of the 1918 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his successful work on nitrogen fixation Haber-Bosch process: combined nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia in industrial quantities for production of fertilizer and munition Allies Won The germans did not capitalize on their advantage because they were scared of the gas The gas did not work properly, it only temporarily distracted the Allies Losses: Allied, 87,000 killed, wounded, or missing; German, 35,000, killed, wounded, or missing

Soldiers in trenches with masks on The trenches today in Belgium

Works Cited van Hartesveldt, Fred R. "Second Battle of Ypres: World War I." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2019, worldatwar.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/759447. Accessed 31 Jan. 2019. McEvoy, William P. "First Battle of Ypres: World War I." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2019, worldatwar.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/759446. Accessed 31 Jan. 2019. Murphy, Justin D. "Third Battle of Ypres: World War I." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2019, worldatwar.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/759448. Accessed 31 Jan. 2019. http://www.ourfamilystories.gen.nz/HTML_files/Documents/Do c_Ypres_Map.html