Volume 137, Issue 6, Pages 1954-1962 (December 2009) Childhood Trauma Is Associated With Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Responsiveness in Irritable Bowel Syndrome  Elizabeth J. Videlock, Mopelola Adeyemo, Arlene Licudine, Miyoshi Hirano, Gordon Ohning, Minou Mayer, Emeran A. Mayer, Lin Chang  Gastroenterology  Volume 137, Issue 6, Pages 1954-1962 (December 2009) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.058 Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Salivary cortisol response to a visceral stressor (flexible sigmoidoscopy [fs]) for (A) IBS and controls, (B) subjects with and without EALs, (C) subjects broken into groups by diagnosis and presence of EALs, and by (D) sex and EALs. (B) Presence of EALs had a significant effect on the cortisol response (P < .05). *Significant difference between the groups at that time point in post hoc analyses. (C) EAL groups were significantly greater than IBS and controls without EALs, and (D) the effect of EALs on cortisol response was most pronounced among men. Where shown, error bars represent the 95% confidence interval around the mean. Gastroenterology 2009 137, 1954-1962DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.058) Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Summary measures of cortisol response. (A) AUCg is the area under the curve to the x-axis, and (B) AUCm is the area under the curve to a horizontal line at the minimum value for that subject. (C) The response resolution rate is the decrease in cortisol from peak to baseline after the stressor divided by the time elapsed between the 2 points. All measures are greater in individuals with EALs (P < .05). Gastroenterology 2009 137, 1954-1962DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.058) Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions