Study Guide Rocks and Minerals

1. What is a mineral? A naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure.

2. What are physical properties? Characteristics that can be observed or measured

3. Property – Luster Metallic has a shiny surface and nonmetallic has a dull surface

4. Property - color

Definition – color of a mineral’s inside powder 5. Definition – color of a mineral’s inside powder

6. Property – breakage Cleavage breaks along a flat surface Fracture breaks unevenly

7. Property - hardness

Definition – measure of amount of matter in a given space 8. Definition – measure of amount of matter in a given space

9. Moh’s Hardness Scale ranks minerals from 1 being the softest to 10 being the hardest. Talc is the softest mineral and diamond is the hardest mineral.

Rocks are made up of minerals. 10. Rocks are made up of minerals.

11. The rock cycle is the continual process of a rock changing from one form to another.

12. Scientists classify rocks in to 3 categories sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous.

13. Scientists classify rocks into these categories based on how they are formed.

Scientists classify rocks according to their composition and texture. 14. Scientists classify rocks according to their composition and texture.

15. Sediment is fragments of igneous, metamorphic, or older sedimentary rocks.

16. Form when sediments are weathered and eroded and then compacted and cemented together.

17. Forms when igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock are changed by heat or pressure deep in the Earth.

Form when magma cools and solidifies. (melting and cooling) 18. Form when magma cools and solidifies. (melting and cooling)

Sedimentary rock change to metamorphic rock through heat and pressure. 19. Sedimentary rock change to metamorphic rock through heat and pressure.

20. Igneous rock changes to sedimentary rock through weathering and erosion.

Igneous rock changes to metamorphic rock through heat and pressure. 21. Igneous rock changes to metamorphic rock through heat and pressure.

22. Weathering is the breaking down of rock. Erosion is carrying away of sediment.

23. During metamorphosis limestone becomes marble shale becomes slate and sandstone becomes quartzite.

24. Magma is found beneath the Earth’s surface and lava is found on Earth’s surface.

25. Intrusive is formed from magma beneath Earth’s surface. Extrusive is formed from lava on Earth’s surface.

Name of rock – Marble Formation – formed from limestone 26. Name of rock – Marble Formation – formed from limestone

27. Description – glassy, smooth, sharp edges Formation – felsic lava cooled rapidly Type of rock - igneous

28. Name of rock – Limestone Description – dull, fine to coarse grain Type of rock – sedimentary

29. Description – coarse grain with clear glassy minerals Formation – formed from magma Type of rock - igneous

30. Name of rock – Quartzite Formation – formed from sandstone Type of rock – metamorphic