about 100 billion multipolar neurons

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Presentation transcript:

about 100 billion multipolar neurons The Brain about 100 billion multipolar neurons

Divided into 4 major sections Brain stem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum

Protective covering meninges

Blood-brain barrier

Cerebrospinal fluid provides protection, maintains proper ion concentration for the CNS, and provides a pathway to the blood for waste

Brain Stem Connects cerebrum and diencephalon to the spinal cord Midbrain- reflexes Pons- breathing Medulla oblongata- heart rate, breathing, blood pressure Reticular formation- arousal (comatose state)

Cerebellum Anterior and posterior lobes Coordination of desired movements Regulates posture and balance Cognitive and language processing

Diencephalon Located between cerebral hemispheres and above the midbrain Contains: Thalmus- relay station for sensory impulses Hypothalmus- maintains homeostasis by regulating: Heart rate Temperature Water/ electrolyte balance Hunger Glandular secretions Sleep

- Epithalamus- superior and posterior to Contains pineal gland- secretes hormone melatonin (endocrine)

Diencephalon

The Basal Ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus) act as a relay station for motor impulses travelling from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord

The cerebral cortex interconnects with the basal ganglia, the thalmus and the hypothalmus to form the Limbic System Controls emotional experience and expression

Cerebrum Divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres by the corpus callosum Convolutions- ridges of the brain (gyri) Sulcus- shallow groove Fissure- deep groove

Lobes of the cerebrum (higher brain function) Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Insula

Covered in a thin layer of gray matter called the Cerebral Cortex Motor area (mostly frontal) Sensory area (mostly parietal) Association areas (throughout cerebrum) Frontal- concentration, problem solving, planning Parietal- compose speech, touch sensation Temporal understand speech, reading, music Occipital- analyzing visual patterns

frog bird cat

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Cranial nerves I - Olfactory II - Optic III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear V - Trigeminal VI - Abducens VII - Facial VIII - Auditory IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglassal

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