SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS 강 은 숙 영어교육 2007067031

Culture←→ Perception → Stereotypes or Generalizations→ Attitudes →Motivation for the target language? Second Culture Acquisition  Acceleration of the target language acquisition?

What is Culture? by Matsumoto Dynamic System of rules Groups and units Survival Attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors by a group Harbored differently by each specific unit Communicated across generations, relatively stable Potential to change across time

Perception → Stereotype Always subjective The filtering of information Culture-modes of perception prejudge & misjudge to judge a single member of a culture Potential to devalue people from the culture

Attitudes Gardner & Lambert ’72 The effect of attitudes on the target language learning John Oller ’77 Positive attitudes toward self, the native language group, the target language group → proficiency

Second Culture acquisition=acculturation Four Stages of Cultural Acquisition Stage 1: A period of excitement and euphoria Stage 2: Culture shock Stage 3: Gradual recovery “ Culture Stress” Stage 4: Full recovery

Second Culture Acquisition Anomie –Wallace Lambert (’67) Feelings of social uncertainty or dissatisfaction The first symptom on the third stage of acculturation A feeling of Homeless →Mastery of a second language

SOCIAL DISTANCE & TEACHING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE 배영아 영어교육과 2007067032

The cognitive and affective proximity of two cultures SOCIAL DISTANCE Social distance: The cognitive and affective proximity of two cultures that come into contact within an individual.

Dominance politically, culturally, economically SOCIAL DISTANCE John Schumman social distance is consisted of following parameters: Dominance politically, culturally, economically Integration assimilation, acculturation, preservation / degree of enclosure Cohesiveness cohesiveness, size Congruence value, belief system, attitude Permanence intended length of residence in the target language area

Language learning situation SOCIAL DISTANCE Language learning situation Bad Good The TL group views the L2 group as dominant and the L2 group views itself in the same way. Both groups desire preservation and high enclosure for the L2 group, the L2 group is both cohesive and large, the two cultures are not congruent, the two groups hold negative attitudes toward each other, and the L2 group intends to remain in the TL area only for a short time. The L2 groups is nondominant in relation to the TL group, both groups desire assimilation for the L2 group, low enclosure is the goal of both groups, the two cultures are congruent, the L2 group is small and noncohesive, both groups have positive attitudes toward each other, and the L2 group intends to remain in the target language area for a long time The greater the social distance between two cultures, the greater the difficulty the learner will have in learning the second language

SOCIAL DISTANCE William Acton PDAQ Q. How can we measure the social distance? William Acton Human beings perceive the cultural environment through the filters and screens of their own worldview: Perceived social distance PDAQ (the Professed Difference in Attitude Questionnaire)

SOCIAL DISTANCE Optimal perceived social distance ratio The mastery or skillful fluency in a second language occurs somewhere at the beginning of the third-recovery-stage of acculturation Optimal distance model  culturally based critical-period hypothesis

TEACHING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE Hofstede’s framework for assessing culture Individualism vs. Collectivism loosely integrated vs. tightly integrated Power distance inequality in power and consider it as normal. Uncertainty avoidance strong uncertainty avoidance vs. weak uncertainty avoidance Masculinity vs. Femininity material success vs. interpersonal relationships

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