Unit 2 Part 1 IN THE NAME OF HONOUR ANCIENT GREECE Unit 2 Part 1 IN THE NAME OF HONOUR

History

The Heroic Age: 2000-1200BCE People: Mycenaeans Lead City: Mycenae Old writing system adapted to Greek Warriors and traders THE BATTLE OF TROY: 1250BCE The Mycenae won the battle against Troy

The Decline: 1200-800BCE The Mycenae civilization collapses Dorians from the north took control Loss of knowledge of writing Culture continued through songs & stories Especially the heroes of Troy Homer based the Iliad and Odyssey on this

City State Growth: 800-500BCE Greek tribes a Independent City-States Low fertile land = Long distance travel = New City-States in Italy and Asia Minor City-State: army, gov’t, and culture I.E. SPARTA: Military state Athens: Cultural center 500BCE: 1st Democracy

The Great Wars: 500-400BCE The Persian Wars The Peloponnesian War City-States joined together to defeat the Persians Athens came out stronger than ever The Peloponnesian War Athens vs. Sparta Sparta defeats Athens in 404BCE

Macedonia and the Hellenistic Age 400-146BCE Greece weakens Continuous fighting between city-states 338BCE: PhillipII, Macedonia takes control Alexander the Great United Greece, Persia, Egypt, and parts of India His Death = fragmented empire New culture emerged: Hellenistic A blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian

People and Society

Aristocrats Aristocrat: nobility, ruler, or privileged class ATHENS Wealthy landowners Inherited position, not earned Politicians, Philosophers, and Hunters The Rulers of Athens SPARTA No true aristocracy: Ruled by a group 2 Kings = head of army 5 magistrates and 28 elders governed the city Spartan citizen = lineage goes back to the creation of Sparta

Common Folk ATHENS Farmers, merchants, foreigners Those born in Athens = Citizen Foreigners = non-citizen but protected SPARTA Commoner = Citizen (ancestry) Free people, typically farmers or merchants

Slaves ATHENS 1/3 population was slaves SPARTA Helots Slaves outnumbered Spartans 7 to 1 Spartans regularly declared war on the Helots

Warriors ATHENS Reluctant warriors All young men trained as warriors but lived at home during times of peace SPARTA Whole life was war Begin training at age of 7 and couldn’t move home until 30

Artists and Writers ATHENS Honourable position in society SPARTA Statues of Gods to decorate temples Pottery decorated with Gods and Heroes SPARTA No value of the arts Very few artists Could read and write

Women ATHENS Not much better than a slave No education or equality Stayed at home with little contact with men Married at 15 and raised children separate from men Couldn’t even eat with her husband SPARTA Much more freedom Took part in athletics Business women, landowners, heads of households

Culture

Religion 12 Elite Gods Zeus: Thunder Hera:Marriage Athena:War/Wisdom King of the Gods Hera:Marriage Queen of the Gods Athena:War/Wisdom Ares: Battle Demeter:Agriculture Apollo:Light/art Aphrodite: Love/Beauty Hermes: Messenger Poseidon: Sea/Quakes Artemis: Hunting Hephaestus: Fire/Tools Hestia: Home/Family

Politics Democracy Assembly Council of 500 No women, slaves, or foreigners 1/5 population of Athens could participate Assembly Passed laws and elected generals Any citizen could submit a law for debate Council of 500 500 citizens chosen at random every year Proposed laws and advised assembly

Education and Philosophy Humans can be perfected Sophists: First teachers Students to think for themselves Prepare young men for public life Public speaking, etc. Socrates: Happiness dependent on goodness of soul Plato: The nature of reality Aristotle: Scientific observation

Athletics Creators of the Olympics Every 4 years gather from all over Greece Boxing, wrestling, javelin, discus, and races Did not compete for money But, they were awarded money or the equivalent from their city-states if they won. = Paid athletes, much like today

Arts and Humanities Sculptures First realistic human form Music and Dance Valued: religious, festival, victory Literature Epic, Lyric, Tragedy, comedy…. Architecture Ideal of Beauty, grace and proportion Ie. Parthenon on the Acropolis