Hamilton High School Biology chapter 3 To insert your company logo on this slide From the Insert Menu Select “Picture” Locate your logo file Click OK To resize the logo Click anywhere inside the logo. The boxes that appear outside the logo are known as “resize handles.” Use these to resize the object. If you hold down the shift key before using the resize handles, you will maintain the proportions of the object you wish to resize. CELL STRUCTURES Hamilton High School Biology chapter 3

HISTORY OF THE CELL 1665 -ROBERT HOOKE __________________________ ______________________________________________ 1675 – ANTON VON LEEUWENHOEK first to describe living _________________________________________________ Compound light microscope: series of lenses that magnify objects. SCHLEIDEN ,SCHWANN AND VIRCHOW are the authors of the _____________________________

CELL THEORY 1. The CELL is ____________________ ________________________________ 2. All LIVING THINGS are ____________ _________________________________ 3. All cells ________________ ________________________

1940’s - Electron Microscopes Aims a beam of ____________ through a magnetic field, then over the surface of the specimen. Uses ______________________ Most specimens must be ______ and in a _____________. Projects onto a screen or monitor..

Electron Microscopes… SEM = __________________ _______________ ion coated surface shows 3-D picture TEM = ______________ ___________________Microscopic-slice …stained with metal _______. STEM = _____________________ _____________________- Creates a 3-D surface image of a “______________”.

Eukaryote cell- Prokaryote cell

Two Cell Types 1. ____________cells have _______ _____________________ nor membrane bound __________. Most are _______________. Examples are ____________________

Two… Cell Types __________cells have a membrane bound ________ and membrane bound _________. Either ______________________________. Organelles are separated by membranes so __________________ __________________ ____________ hypothesis suggests that __________ cells come from ________________ cells.

Plasma Membrane This __________________________ acts as a selectively permeable _________ for the passage of substances ________________of the cell! ___________ between cell and environment. Controls materials that ______________ the cell. Example: ______________ IN - _________ OUT The membrane also contains _______ embedded within its _____________________that act to encourage molecular movement, or as recognition molecules.

Cell structures -CYTOPLASM _______________ that surrounds organelles. Makes up 1/2 of the volume of animal cells. Many important ______________ occur here.

ORGANELLES: THE NUCLEUS The nucleus is the of_______________ of the cell. Surrounded by a ________________ - double membraned, ______________ thick. ______ in the nuclear envelope allow _______ __________ to move in and out of the nucleus. Contains _____ - made up of long strands called ____________________________. The _________ (inside the nucleus) produces ribosomes.

RIBOSOMES The ____________ _____________ (make proteins and enzymes). Composed of _____. _____-membrane structures Directed by _____. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome------ >

M_____________ Known as the ________________of the cell. Site of _______________. These organelles capture _________ and use _____ to release energy for the cell. Foldings within the mitochondria are called _____________. O2 + C6H12O6 +Mito ----->

_____________________ (ER) Bilayer of _____used for ________ within the cell. 2 TYPES: ___________ E.R. does not have _________ attached and are known to produce _______. _______ E.R. have __________ attached and are known for both ____________ and lipid synthesis and ____________.

Golgi ____________ “Packaging Factory” “ A series of ___________, closely stacked membranous _____ near the nucleus that _________________ . L_________ (“stomachs” of the cell) bud off from the ____________ as the cell needs. Digest worn out _______, __________ and _______ or ___________. digestive proteins

Centrioles __________ are only found in animal cells. These are two small bundles of __________ arranged at right angles to one another & surrounded by dense _____________. Centrioles aid in ____________ in animal cells.

Lysosomes These small “____________” are filled with digestive enzymes used to breakdown molecules within the cell. As complex molecules enter the cell ________________________________ it.

Vacuoles Vacuoles _________________ found within the cell. Plant cells usually have ________ while animals have vacuoles that are small___________________ Vacuoles can ___________________ ______________________________ A _________________ is a specialized vacuole to remove ___________ from unicellular aquatic organisms.

Chloroplasts Only found in ______ _________ Filled with the green pigment ___________, these organelles function to _________________ ___________________ (glucose and starch). Grana: . Stroma:

Cell Walls Cell walls in plants are Bulk of _______ in diet. In _______ - cell walls are made out of a carbohydrate called ____________ Cell wall-------- Cell membrane------

MOVEMENT AND SUPPORT 1. CYTOSKELETON: Fibrous, ______________________. Maintains ______________ Composed of: ______________ and Microfilaments Assist organelles to _____ from place to place. 2. CILIA AND FLAGELLA A. _______: Short, numerous, __________ Beat in a “______”. Example: lungs

B. Flagella: Longer, 1-2 per cell. Move in a ___________________. Example: _______ cells Single-celled organisms usually depend on ___________________ to move. Multi-cellular organisms use cilia on cells to move _______over the ______________.

ORGANIZATION: _____ ----> _______----> _______ --> --> ____________ ----> ORGANISM 1. TISSUE: . Linked at cell junctions. Examples: muscle, nerve, brain, bone, blood or root tissue.

2. Organs: Groups of 2 or more tissues _______________________. Example: the stomach, heart, or a leaf.

3. Organ System: Group of organs working together _______________ ______________________________ Examples: nervous system or flower.

4. _____________: Group of organ systems working together. Examples: human, dog, cat, plant.