Four Years of UAS Imagery Reveals Vegetation Change

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Presentation transcript:

Four Years of UAS Imagery Reveals Vegetation Change Due to Permafrost Thaw Jessica DelGreco1, Christina Herrick2, Kellen McArthur1, Ruth Varner2 , Anthony John Garnello3, Daniel Finnell4, Carmody McCalley5, Michael W Palace2 1University of New Hampshire, 2Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space (EOS) UNH, 3University of Arizona, 4Virginia Commonwealth University, 5Rochester Institute of Technology AGU # B43G-2218 Contact Information: Jlq294@wildcats.unh.edu Summary Warming trends in sub-arctic regions have resulted in thawing of permafrost which in turn induces change in vegetation across peatlands both in areal extent and composition. Collapse of palsas (i.e. permafrost plateaus) have also been correlated to increases in methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere. By quantifying the changes in vegetation at the landscape scale, we will be able to understand the impact of thaw on CH4 emissions in these complex and climate sensitive northern ecosystems. We combine field-based measurements of vegetation composition and high resolution Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) imagery to characterize vegetation change in a sub-arctic mire. At Stordalen Mire, Abisko, Sweden, we flew a fixed-wing UAS in July of each year between 2014 and 2017 over a 1 km x 0.5 km area. Hummock sites, representing intact permafrost, decreased coverage by 10% from 2014-2017, while semi-wet sites increased coverage by 23%. This four year comparison of vegetation cover has indicated a rapid response to permafrost thaw. Research Objective Analyze how vegetation from Stordalen Mire has changed from 2014-2017 in response to permafrost thaw. Image credit: Clarice Perryman Tall shrub/Hummock Semi-Wet Wet Tall Graminoid Increased thaw, water table, and CH4 flux High CH4 flux CH4 CH4 CH4 O2 Figure 1: Cover Type Classification Permafrost Active Layer 1. Fly UAS over Stordalen Mire (1 km x 0.5 km) 2. Georectify imagery using GPS control points 4. Classify imagery using Random Forest classification 3. Collect vegetation data (training data for classification) UAS Image (RGB) Classified UAS Image Methodology Results Image credit: M. Palace, C. Herrick, c.herrick@unh.edu 2015 UAS Image 2014 UAS Image 2016 UAS Image 2017 UAS Image Intact permafrost Conclusions Thank you to the ANS research and maintenance staff. Also, thank you to Clarice Perryman, Chris Horruitiner and Apryl Perry for assistance during flights. This research has been supported by the National Science Foundations REU program: Northern Ecosystems Research for Undergraduates (EAR#1063037). Hummock sites, representing intact permafrost, decreased coverage by 10% from 2014-2017, while Semi-Wet sites increased coverage by 23%. Estimation of vegetation cover types is vital in our understanding of the evolution of northern peatlands and its future role in the global carbon cycle. Our estimates of vegetation change may be used to parameterize simulation models and create future scenarios of how the vegetation cover will change in response to climate change. Due to high spatial resolution of imagery, accurate GPS ground control points are vital for linking the imagery to the field based measurements Acknowledgements