Covalent Bonds

Covalent Bonds Covalent compounds form when elements have roughly equal tendency to accept electrons. Elements that are both nonmetals and therefore close together on the periodic table tend to form covalent compounds.

When two atoms share electrons. Sharing is caring Covalent Bonds When two atoms share electrons. Sharing is caring

Covalent bonding in a molecule is represented by a Lewis structure. Lewis Structures Covalent bonding in a molecule is represented by a Lewis structure. A valid Lewis structure should have an octet for each atom except hydrogen.

H2 means that there are 2 Hydrogens Make a Lewis Model for H H Lewis Structures H2 means that there are 2 Hydrogens Make a Lewis Model for H H

+ Since we have two hydrogens, we need to add another Hydrogen or H H Bonding electrons H · + ® H H or H H H2

Make a Lewis dot structure for Cl · · · Cl

Cl ® Cl Cl + Now, make Cl2 Cl2 · · · or Cl Cl Bonding electrons Nonbonding electrons

Draw Lewis structures for: · · or H F · · HF H F · · · · · · H O · · or H O · · · H2O H H

Draw Lewis structures for: NH3 H N H H · · or H N H H · · or H C H H H C H H · · CH4

Covalent Bonds Nonmetal + Nonmetal Sharing of Electrons Creates a Molecular Compound Single Bonds- shares 2 e- H - H H2

Double and Triple Bonds Double bond: share four electrons Triple bond: shares six electrons. = O O · · O2 · · N N  N2

Melting and Boiling Points. Poor Conductor of electricity (Insulator) Covalent Compounds Properties: (Butter) Melting and Boiling Points. Poor Conductor of electricity (Insulator) Exists in all States at Room Temperature Solubility- like dissolves like

Atoms _______ one or more electrons with each other to form the bond. What is a covalent bond? Atoms _______ one or more electrons with each other to form the bond. Each atom is left with a ________________ outer shell. A covalent bond forms between two _________________. SHARE COMPLETE NONMETAL