What enables a civilization to develop?

Villages Grow Invention of new tools and farming led to settlements supporting larger populations Economic Change Villages built irrigation systems Surplus in food and new jobs Social Change New social structure New Social classes (Wealthy) 2

How Civilizations Developed First Civilization in Sumer Near Mesopotamia (Iraq) 5 Characteristics 1) Advanced Cities 2) Specialized Workers 3) Complex Institutions 4) Record keeping 5) Improved Technology 3

Center of trade for an advanced civilization 1) Advanced Cities Center of trade for an advanced civilization 4

2) Specialized Workers Surplus of food gave rise to Specialization Development of skills for specific kind of work Artisans: Skilled workers who make goods by hand (Clothing and Pottery) 5

3) Complex Institutions Large populations made governments and systems of ruling necessary Institutions Long lasting pattern of organization in a community Ex: Government, religion, school 6

4) Record Keeping Need to keep records Document tax collections, laws, and storage of food Sumerian Record keepers (Scribes) recording information Cuneiform: System of writing in Sumerian Similar to hieroglyphics 7

5) Improved Technology Bronze Age 2500 BCE New tools needed to solve problems Ox-drawn plows turn the soil Irrigation systems expand planting areas Bronze Age 2500 BCE Metal workers used bronze instead of copper and stone to make weapons and tools. 8