“To him who wishes to follow me, I offer hardships, hunger, thirst and all the perils of war.” — Garibaldiʼs Memoirs This quotation from Garibaldi is most closely associated with Italian (1) exploration (2) nationalism (3) imperialism (4) neutrality

“ . . . A place more destitute of all interesting objects than Manchester, it is not easy to conceive. In size and population it is the second city in the kingdom, containing above fourscore thousand [80,000] inhabitants. Imagine this multitude crowded together in narrow streets, the houses all built of brick and blackened with smoke; frequent buildings among them as large as convents, without their antiquity, without their beauty, without their holiness; where you hear from within, as you pass along, the everlasting din of machinery; and where when the bell rings it is to call wretches to their work instead of their prayers, . . . ” — Robert J.Southey, Letters from England, 1807 The conditions described in this passage occurred during the (1) Age of Discovery (2) Renaissance (3) Industrial Revolution (4) Green Revolution

Rise of Hitler 1889-1945

Joined a small right-wing political group Young Hitler Volunteered for German Army and was given the Iron Cross Joined a small right-wing political group Shared beliefs that Germans should overturn the Treaty of Versailles and combat communism This group will later be called National Socialist German Worker’s Party  Nazi Young Hitler

Mein Kampf – My Struggle 1 Inspired by Mussolini’s March on Rome, Hitler and the Nazi’s plotted to seize power in Munich in 1923 Failed and was sent to jail 2 While in jail, wrote Mein Kampf- My Struggle 3 Stated his beliefs and goals for Germany 4 Believed that Germans were a “master race” and anything else were inferior 5 Stated the Treaty of Versailles was an outrage and vowed to regain the lost lands 6 Felt that Germany was over-crowded so they needed more living space Mein Kampf – My Struggle

Nazism Swastika Rose to power due to: -weak government- doubts about Weimar Republic, fights between the many parties, wanting to return to a strong leader like the Kaiser -economic problems- inflation, depression and unemployment Anti-Semitism-Jews were to be discriminated against their race- not their religion Nuremburg Laws Lower-middle class Mass propaganda of revenge of the Versailles Treaty  Germany was stabbed in the back

Appeasement Foreign policy of pacifying an aggrieved nation through negotiation in order to prevent war. When Adolf Hitler prepared to annex ethnically German portions of Czechoslovakia, negotiations influenced the notorious Munich Agreement.

Munich Conference September 1938, settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia. Many people of German origin were living in the Sudeten land International agreement that was designed to avoid war between the powers of Europe

Hitler in Action Wealthy industrialist- stop communism Workers – end unemployment Blamed “others” for Germany’s problems undesirables and the Weimar Republic ”Brownshirts” (SA) Hitler’s private army Appointed Chancellor in 1933 Kristallnacht- “Night of Broken Glass”