Serbia Greece Belgium Poland Who Ideology Cause Event(s) Effect 1804-1813: Karageorge 1815: Milos Obrenovic John Capodistria King Leopold (Belgium) William II leads ten day campaign Nicholas I and Tsar Alexander I (Russia) General Chlopicka Students, army officers, landowners Ideology Nationalism nationalism Nationalism/liberalism Nationalism and demand for own country Cause Ottoman oppression/rule -1815: Congress of Vienna united Austrian Netherlands with Kingdom of Holland under Dutch king: different languages, religions, economies -1830 French revolution influence Late 1700s: Partition of Poland Event(s) 1804-1813: Guerrilla war against Ottoman 1815: Russian help 1804-1813: Serbian identity -1821: civil war National holy war to conquer rights of individual liberty -Britain, French, and Russian support ( 1830: Belgians fight Dutch in Brussels -Britain and France support Belgians Against Russians Effect Autonomy (self rule) within Ottomon empire, later independence 1830: independent, but accept German king (Europe did not accept nationalism) 1830: independent state with liberal constitution Crushed by Russians, failed to win independence

France (1830) France (1848) Austria Italy German States Who Ideology Louis XVIII Charles X Louis Phillippe Napoleon III radicals Working class Louis Kossuth (Hungarian) University students Prussia: King Frederick William IV Ideology Liberalism nationalism Nationalism/liberalism Cause Charles X suspends legislature, limits suffrage, restrict press Denounce Louis: corruption, want to extend suffrage, private ownership of property Recession Metternich censors press End Hapsburg domination/want constitutional gov’t Demand national unity and reforms Economic hardships Potato famine Event(s) Paris: citizens create barricades across streets Charles abdicates February Days: barricades in Paris due to gov’t trying to silence critics. Louis Philippe abdicates and proclaim 2nd Republic June Days: Working class go to fight against bourgeois liberals due to shutting down national workshops, 1500 deaths Austria: workers and students rebel Budapest: independent gov’t, written constitution, end to serfdom Prague: Setup independent republics Expel the pope from Rome Create nationalist gov’t 1848: Frederick William Iv as king of united Germany—refused King forced to sign constitution Effect Constitutional monarchy: Louis Philippe Upper bourgeoisie prospers June Days: middle class fear socialists, working class hate bourgeoisie National assembly creates new constitution, universal suffrage Napoleon III claims emperor Metternich flees Temporary gains: Austrian troops regain Vienna/Prague/Budapest Austria destroys new gov’t France restores papacy Naples: local rulers cancel reforms King dissolves constitution 1850: uprisings fail due to king’s military force, lack of support