Carter and Changes in the 70s 1970s Pt 3 Carter and Changes in the 70s

Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter defeated Ford in ‘76 election Carter promised transparency- “I will never lie to you” in response to Watergate Considered a “regular guy”- grew up a peanut farmer

Pardoned 10,000 Vietnam draft evaders Foreign policy based on human rights- not realpolitik: Called Humanitarian Diplomacy Stagnant economy- high inflation and high unemployment

Panama Canal treaty –transferred ownership to Panama in ’99; promised neutrality

Cold War under Carter SALT II – SALT I to expire in ‘77 Carter wanted renewal of SALT and real reductions Signed SALT II with in ‘79 BUT SALT II not ratified by Senate b/c of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan signaled end of détente Things are now tense again between US and Soviets U.S. boycott of 1980 Olympics in Moscow US secretly helped Afghans fight against Soviets- gave weapons and $$ One of leader of Afghans- Osama bin Laden Carter supported protesters in Soviet Union and its satellites

What was the role of human rights in Carter’s foreign policy?

Camp David Accords Carter’s greatest accomplishment as Pres was a peace treaty b/t Egypt and Israel in ’78 called the Camp David Accords Carter invited Pres of Egypt and Prime Minister of Israel to Camp David because they had been fighting- causing problems in Middle East Convinced them to sign agreement Egypt gets land back; Israel get recognized as a nation Kept peace b/t Israel and neighbors

Egypt and Israel fighting Pres Carter invites them to negotiate They reach peace agreement Camp David Accords

Iran Crisis Iranian Revolution – U.S.-supported Shah of Iran forced to flee Iran after corruption Iran angry when Carter allowed Shah to come to US for medical treatment - Oct ‘79

Iran Hostage Crisis –400 Iranians took American hostages in US embassy b/c of US policies Carter froze Iranian assets in U.S.; trade embargo Freed some hostages, kept 52 other Carter ordered rescue attempt but it failed; perceived as weak

“Argo” the movie- 6 escaped, hid, and had to be smuggled out Hostages finally released after 444 days- on January 19, 1981, right after Carter left office US/Iran still hostile “Argo” the movie- 6 escaped, hid, and had to be smuggled out

US allows Shah of Iran to come to US Iranians took Americans at embassy in Iran hostage Rescue attempt failed Hostages released as soon as Reagan became president

Migration in the US The Rust Belt, or Manufacturing Belt- population decreased North East US, Mid-Atlantic States, Midwest Called 'Rust Belt' b/c of decline of industry in the 1970s, factories closed, so lots of rusting gates The Sun Belt- population increased! South and Southwest, good economy, low taxes Warm-temperate, extended summers and brief, relatively mild winters

Rust Belt decline in population Sunbelt increase in population

Community Reinvestment Act Community Reinvestment Act of 1977- law to encourage banks to help more people- low/ moderate-income Passed to reduce discriminatory credit practices against low-income neighborhoods Helped low-income, minority families get credit and loans

Energy Carter created Dept of Education and of Energy Energy Dept created b/c of recent oil crisis Supported research into fuel alternatives, like wind and solar, nuclear energy Nuclear Regulatory Commission – created in 1975- supervises nuclear energy and safety Still had energy problems; fuel shortage in ‘79

Three Mile Island - technical failure in nuclear power plant led to release of radioactive coolant Meltdown avoided, but raised concerns about safety of nuclear power

Saving the Environment! Rachel Carson- promoted environmentalism- wrote book called Silent Spring- led to a ban on bad pesticides

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created due to support for environmentalism Established by Nixon- dedicated to improving environment and reducing pollution

Endangered Species Act (1973) –Nixon- laws to protect endangered species

What actions did President Nixon take to help protect the environment?

Technology Robotics –increased productivity, reduce costs, industries start using robots to replace workers Computer management –computers to improve efficiency and productivity Just-in-time inventory management – focus on having “the right material, at the right time, at the right place, and in the exact amount,” without a bunch of extras Businesses were able to avoid waste to prevent recessions

STAAR PRACTICE The Camp David Accords, negotiated by President Carter, were significant because they led to A) the end of the Vietnam War B) a lasting arms-reduction treaty with the Soviet Union C) the first peace agreement between Israel and an Arab nation D) the establishment of a worldwide human rights policy

Big Idea How did the Cold War change under Carter?