Plant Propagation Horticulture Ms. Bond

Student Learning Objectives Upon completion of this lesson students shall be able to: Differentiate between sexual and asexual propagation Explain the purpose of asexual propagation. List and explain the 5 different types of asexual propagation. Given a laboratory experience be able to perform asexual propagation on a plant.

Plant Propagation What is it? Propagation is plant reproduction or making several plants from one plant 2 types 1. Sexual 2. Asexual

Sexual Propagation Sexual Propagation - the reproduction of plants with the use of seeds The union of a male and female gamete. Produces a genetically unique offspring. Most reproduction of plants is naturally from seeds - plants grown from seeds are genetically different from their parents - sexual propagation allows a plant breeder to create new plants.

Asexual Propagation Asexual Propagation - no seeds are used - the reproduction of new plants from the stems, leaves, or roots of a parent plant. - no seeds are used - portions of the parent plant are placed in soil, soilless media or even in test tubes containing nutrient rich media.

Why use Asexual Propagation? Allows propagators to produce more plants faster Plants produced are genetically identical to the parent plant (clone), therefore they have the same traits as the parent plant. Isolates desired traits Less expensive than sexual propagation

Types of Asexual Production Cuttings Grafting Layering Separation & Division Tissue Culture

Asexual Propagation- Cuttings Are detached portions of the plant, such as stem, leaves, leaf-buds, or roots that’s form missing parts to grow into complete new plant Most common and often used method of asexual propagation. Types 1. Stem Cuttings 2. Leaf Cuttings 3. Leaf-bud cuttings 4. Root Cuttings

Stem Cuttings Stem Cuttings 2 types 1. Herbaceous Are taken from portions of the stem that contains terminal or lateral buds. Dipped in rooting hormone and placed in growing medium in hopes they will produce roots 2 types 1. Herbaceous 2. Woody

Stem Cuttings - Herbaceous Herbaceous cuttings are from plant stems without wood. Common in greenhouse production Cuttings are 3 to 4 inches long and contain several leaves. Example plants: geranium, carnation, chrysanthemum, and coleus.

Stem Cutting- Woody 3 Types 1. Softwood Cutting - cuttings taken from soft new spring growth of woody plants. - root easy but require more attention. - Cuttings are 3 to 5 inches in length with 2 or 3 nodes - stems are cut at a 45* angel, ¼ inch below a node. 2. Semi-hardwood cutting - cuttings prepared from woody, broadleafed plants 3. Hardwood Cutting - cuttings prepared during the dormant season from deciduous or evergreen plants

Leaf Cuttings Leaf cuttings consist of a leaf blade or a leaf blade with a petiole attached Usually taken on houseplants such as rex begonia, African violet, sansevieria, mother-in-laws tongue etc.

Leaf Cuttings 2 Types Leaf Blade Leaf Blade with Petiole (stem)

Leaf Cuttings Leaf Blade - primary veins are cut - leaf cutting is laid flat on growing media - new plants are formed at each point where the veins are cut Ex- rex begonia

Leaf Cuttings Leaf blade with petiole - petiole is inserted into growing media - with time new roots and shoots will emerge, staring a new formation of a plant Ex- mother-in-laws tongue, african violet

Leaf-Bud Cuttings Leaf-bud cuttings consist of a leaf, petiole, and a short piece of stem with the lateral bud Cutting treated with rooting hormone, then placed in growing medium with the lateral bud just below the medium surface

Leaf-Bud Cuttings

Root Cuttings Root cuttings are made from young plants Roots are dug, cleaned and treated with fungicide Root pieces are cut 2 to 6 inches in length, planted 2 inches deep in growing medium horizontally or vertically Ex- Raspberries

Grafting Grafting is the process of connecting two plants or plant parts together, uniting these two plants to grow as one plant. Grafting is used in the production of orchard trees, shade tree and roses. Three types Whip and Tongue Graft Cleft Graft Bark Graft

Layering Layering is a method of asexual propagation in which roots are formed on a stem while it is still attached to the parent plant Types of Layering Simple layering Trench layering Mound layering Air layering

Separation and Division Separation is a propagation method in which these natural structures are removed from the parent plant and planted to grow on their own Division is a method in which parts of the plants are cut into sections that will grow into new plants naturally Some plants that can be separated or divided are: Bulbs – tulips, daffodils, lilies etc. Corms- gladiolus Rhizomes & Tubers- iris, potatoes Plant Crowns- spider plant

Separation and Division Spider plant crown separation Daffodil bulbs produce side bulbs that are separated and planted

Tissue Culture Tissue culture is a method of growing pieces of plants, called explants, on an artificial medium under sterile conditions, also known as micropropagation. This method of propagation is used in research and commercial production Explants

Review What is plant propagation? What is sexual propagation? What is asexual propagation? Why use asexual propagation? What are the five types of asexual propagation?