Ethical issue in research work

Ethical issue is an important aspect in all research work especially those researches that are related to human being. In all universities, organizations, and research agencies, there should be an ethical committee. No research can be implemented before getting the approval from the ethical committee.

Main pillars of the ethical aspect: The subject (research question) should be relevant to the important health problems that are currently present in the country/ region.

The researcher must be sure (up to his/ her knowledge) that the exposure to the factor (under study) is not (by any means) harmful to the participants.

We must inform the respondents that: We are going to conduct a study The aim of the study There is no harm for them (up to our knowledge) The possible complications (that may emerge) They have the choice to participate or not

Get their acceptance through: Official approvals Written consent Verbal consent

Fundamental rules: No rewards No penalties The right to withdraw at any time Anonymity Confidentiality

Decide when to stop & when to proceed: there must be sufficient doubt about the agent to be tested to allow withholding it from half the subjects & at the same time there must be sufficient belief in the agents potential justify exposing the remaining half.

Interventional studies: Placebo Masking Blinding Cross-over

Authorship: Single and multiple authors Order of authors Contribution of authors Guest author Gift author Ghost author

Ethical issue in publication: Choosing the journal Follow the policy and style of the journal Authors’ approval Corresponding author

Contribution of authors Conflict of interests Funding agency Plagiarism, fabrication, falsification