Fig. 2 LAEs are characterized by vascular dysfunction, loss of endothelial perfusion and permeability, and perivascular hypoxia. LAEs are characterized.

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Fig. 2 LAEs are characterized by vascular dysfunction, loss of endothelial perfusion and permeability, and perivascular hypoxia. LAEs are characterized by vascular dysfunction, loss of endothelial perfusion and permeability, and perivascular hypoxia. (A) Parametric R2* maps of control and irradiated flaps overlaid on T2-weighted images acquired 6 months after RT (image representative of n = 6 animals per group). (B) Absolute transverse relaxation rates (R2*) in irradiated versus control flaps at 6 months after RT and relative changes R2* (ΔR2*) after RT (n = 6 animals per group) (mean ± SEM). ns, not significant. (C) Vascular staining for perfused endothelium [Hoechst 33342 (H33342)], vascular permeability [Evans blue (EB)], and immunofluorescent (IF) staining for stromal hypoxia (pimonidazole adduct formation) in irradiated and control flaps at 180 days after RT (scale bars, 100 μm; images representative of n = 3 animals per group). Images depict whole-section H&E (inset left) and whole-section tile scan (inset right), and main image represents higher-magnification view of area depicted by red box. (D) Quantification of H33342 uptake, EB leakage, and pimonidazole adduct formation (mean ± SEM). (E) Fluorescence microscopy for H33342 staining in irradiated and control flaps at day 180 after RT. (F) Fluorescence microscopy for EB staining. (G) Immunofluorescent staining for pimonidazole adduct formation in irradiated and control flaps at 180 days after RT, with H&E staining of images depicting perivascular fibrosis (black arrow; all images representative of n = 3 animals per group). (E to G) Scale bars, 20 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Aadil A. Khan et al., Sci Transl Med 2018;10:eaar2041 Published by AAAS