Respiratory structure and function http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdHzKYDxrKc&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vlchs4omFDM&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3M

Energy Needs Every muscle contraction involves an interaction between which two myofilaments? Actin and myosin Every powerstroke requires what? ATP In-Class Assignment: Factors of Muscle Force Production Hand Out: Number of motor units recruited Firing Rate of motor units Synchronization of firing Golgi tendon organ Muscle spindle Length of muscle Size of muscle Application of pre-stretch Type of fiber recruited Speed of contraction Angle of pennation Agonist, antagonist and synergist activation Need to know: Explain the concept, explain physiologically how it works, is this factor trainable, how?

Energy Needs There is only a limited amount of ATP in the muscle Two types of processes that will produce ATP Aerobic Anaerobic Aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic does not (but needs oxygen to help muscle recover from anaerobic activity) So either way it is important to get oxygen to muscles

Four steps in making Oxygen Available For ATP Production Intake of air into body Respiratory System Delivery of Oxygen to Working Tissues Cardiovascular System Uptake of Oxygen into Working Cells Capillaries Use of Oxygen by Working Cells Mitochondria

Figure 1.14 Need to know: Pharynx Glottis/Epiglottis Larynx/Vocal Cords Trachea Bronchus (right and left) Bronchioles Alveoli Pulmonary Vein and Pulmonary Artery

Definitions Anatomical Dead Space Minute Ventilation Tidal Volume the structures in which air is present (including nasal passages, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles) but no gas exchange takes place Minute Ventilation is the volume of air inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from a person's lungs in one minute Tidal Volume the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration when extra effort is not applied

Respiratory Muscles Inspiration Expiration Diaphragm External Intercostals Anterior Serrati, Scaleni, Sternocleidomastoids Expiration Internal Intercostals Internal/External Obliques Rectus Abdominus

Gas Exchange at the Lungs Occurs in the alveoli Oxygen into the blood Carbon dioxide out of the blood Occurs through diffusion which depends on the partial pressure and concentrations Lungs Lungs O2 CO2 =O2 =CO2 =CO2 O2 CO2 =O2 Blood Blood