Two Kinases to Soften the Heart Dilson E. Rassier  Biophysical Journal  Volume 110, Issue 2, Pages 289-291 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.12.007 Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 (A) Picture of a sarcomere taken with an electron microscope. The sarcomere contains two Z-disks at the edges and an M-line in the center, with the A-bands formed mostly of thin filaments and the I-bands formed by thick and thin filaments. (B) Representation of the myosin, actin, and titin filaments within a half-sarcomere. Titin molecule spans the entire half-sarcomere, from one Z-disk to the M-line in the center of the myosin filaments. The I-band area of titin contains tandem immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, the PEVK domain, and the cardiac-specific N2B element. Perkin et al. (10) investigated the effects of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKIIδ) and the extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) on N2B segments. (C) System for examining the mechanical behavior of titin segments using atomic force cantilevers. A laser is shined on the surface of a cantilever and is deflected back onto a photodetector. Displacements of the cantilever as a result of mechanical changes in titin can be detected in real-time. The picture in (A) and the diagram in (B) were taken and developed by Felipe S. Leite (Ph.D. student in the Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, McGill University). To see this figure in color, go online. Biophysical Journal 2016 110, 289-291DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2015.12.007) Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions