National Nutrition Week 1st - 7th September 2017 BANGALORE CHAPTER National Nutrition Week 1st - 7th September 2017 THEME Optimal infant and young child feeding practices: Better Child Health

Overview IDA, Bangalore Chapter Facts Optimal infant and young child feeding strategies and practices Benefits of breast feeding Complementary feeding

IDA, Bangalore Chapter Source: UNICEF global databases, 2016, based on MICS, DHS and other nationally representative sources. *See full report at <uni.cf/iycfreport2016> for notes on the data.

IDA, Bangalore Chapter Scenario in India

Feeding Practices of Children Under 6 Months of Age IDA, Bangalore Chapter Feeding Practices of Children Under 6 Months of Age Source: Report- Nutrition in India, NFHS III (2005-06)

IDA, Bangalore Chapter THE OPTIMAL INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD NUTRITION PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES A. Breastfeeding B. Complimentary Feeding

A. Breastfeeding IDA, Bangalore Chapter Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (within one hour) Exclusive Breastfeeding (till end of six months (180 days). Extended breastfeeding (with Complementary feeding)

B. Complementary Feeding IDA, Bangalore Chapter B. Complementary Feeding AGE SPECIFIC Frequency Amount Texture Variety Active Feeding Hygiene

IDA, Bangalore Chapter BREASTFEEDING A. Benefits to baby B. Benefits to mother C. Why breastfeed within first hour?

IDA, Bangalore Chapter https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/From-the-first-hour-key-findings2016-for-web.pdf

Why breastfeed within the first hour of life? IDA, Bangalore Chapter Why breastfeed within the first hour of life? Colostrum Provides essential nutrients, antibodies. Protects the child from infections reduces the risk of death by up to 22 per cent in the first month of life. Skin-to-skin contact Mother-infant bonding and keeps the child warm Reducing the child’s risk of dying of cold (‘hypothermia’). Others Mother produce more milk for her child Reduces excessive bleeding in mothers after birth

Benefits of Breastfeeding IDA, Bangalore Chapter Benefits of Breastfeeding FOR THE BABY Increased bonding Lower risk of chronic diseases Lower risk of over weight/ obesity Improved growth and nutrition status Less diarrhea and respiratory infections Less ear infections, gastrointestinal disorders, skin conditions Improved cognitive and motor development

Benefits of Breastfeeding IDA, Bangalore Chapter Benefits of Breastfeeding Less postpartum depression Mother less likely to become pregnant in early months Lower risk of maternal cancers (ovarian and breast cancer) Faster maternal recovery and weight loss postpartum FOR THE MOTHER

IDA, Bangalore Chapter COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING Purpose: Complement breast milk and support optimal growth of the young child. Definition: The transition from exclusive breastfeeding to family foods – referred to as complementary feeding

IDA, Bangalore Chapter https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/From-the-first-hour-key-findings2016-for-web.pdf

In India IDA, Bangalore Chapter Only one child in five (21 percent) between 6-24 months is fed as per the recommended practices. Only 35% children are fed foods from a minimum number of foods groups 42% are fed a minimum number of times. Source:http://unicef.in/Whatwedo/7/Infant-and-Young-Child-Feeding

Timely, Adequate, Appropriate and Safe IDA, Bangalore Chapter Benefits of optimal complementary feeding Improved cognitive development Better psycho-social development Less diarrhea and respiratory infections Prevention of stunting and acute malnutrition Prevention of over weight/obesity Reduces the risk of child mortality Less risk of anemia Optimal growth Less risk of zinc and other micro-nutrient deficiencies Improved productivity and economic status Timely, Adequate, Appropriate and Safe

Complementary feeding Along with breast milk up to 2 years of age IDA, Bangalore Chapter Complementary feeding Along with breast milk up to 2 years of age Initially 2-3 times a day between 6-8 months Increase 3-4 times daily between 9-11 months 12-24 months with additional nutritious snacks offered 1-2 times per day, as desired. Source WHO Frequency Liquid foods: Milk, fresh fruit juices, soups, porridge Solid mashed foods like potato, green leafy vegetables, carrots etc, fruits, khichdi or pongal, pulse preparations. Solid unmashed foods: Idli, rice, dal, chapati, bread, fruits, vegetables. Note: Food consistency increases with growing age of the infant Texture Include foods from all food groups Variety

Complementary feeding Along with breast milk up to 2 years of age IDA, Bangalore Chapter Complementary feeding Along with breast milk up to 2 years of age Give very small quantity at the beginning Example: one tea spoon Amount Talking and playing with child while feeding stimulates appetite and development. Encourage child to eat on its own in a separate plate Active Feeding Wash hands with soap and water before and after handing baby food Cook food properly to kill germs Use clean utensils for cooking Keep the food covered Give freshly prepared food Hygiene

Nutrition for toddler and preschoolers(1-6 years) IDA, Bangalore Chapter Nutrition for toddler and preschoolers(1-6 years) Nutritional status of children is of paramount importance for later development of physical, mental and social development.

Why to feed nutritious food for children? IDA, Bangalore Chapter Why to feed nutritious food for children? Rapid growth happens during this phase. Nutrition is vital during this phase. Several developmental changes in brain, body and organ occur at this time. Best time for visual development. Vitamins and minerals are very important for bone heath, brain development, strengthen immune system.

Nutrition for child IDA, Bangalore Chapter LIMIT Include Added sugars Choose seafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans, peas and unsalted nuts and seeds. Encourage your child to eat a variety of fruits Serve a variety of vegetables, including dark green, red and orange, beans and peas, starchy and others. Encourage your child to eat and drink dairy products, such as milk, curd, paneer, cheese. Choose whole grains like wheat, rice, jowar, bajra and its products. Added sugars Saturated and trans fats such as red meat, poultry and full-fat dairy products LIMIT Include

Inadequate diet can lead to IDA, Bangalore Chapter Inadequate diet can lead to Poor growth Poor cognition Poor muscle development Reduced work capacity Poor social development High rates of illness

Dietary guidelines IDA, Bangalore Chapter Encourage child to eat with family Never skip breakfast Don’t serve food in front of the TV Diet should include variety of foods Child should never be forced to eat more than he can eat. Food preferences of the child should be taken into consideration Regularity of meal time is important Restrict tea and coffee. Make a healthy and colourful plate while including foods from all food groups.

Feed healthy, build a strong nation! IDA, Bangalore Chapter Feed healthy, build a strong nation!