16-5 The Way to Victory

Important facts about Battle of Fredericksburg Where is Fredericksburg? Northern Virginia

Generals Union Ambrose Burnside Confederates Robert E. Lee

Union soldiers attempt to build pontoon bridge (while under fire- white smoke in background)

Battle of Fredericksburg Delays allowed the Confederates to become “entrenched” on high ground outside of town.

Here is the stonewall Confederates were “entrenched” behind at the top of Marye’s Heights

Marye’s Heights today

Battle of Fredericksburg Burnside ordered his men to take the heights on the opposite side of the river They failed – after more than 10 attempts Thousands of men lay wounded on the field that night! A Confederate officer asked to go over the wall and give water and aid to those fallen soldiers

THE ANGEL OF MARYE’S HEIGHTS Here the “Angel” give comfort to wounded Union soldiers

This statue is called – A Moment of Mercy A depiction of the events that happened at the battle This statue is called – A Moment of Mercy It is located at the entrance to the National Civil War Museum In Reservoir Park.

Lt. Richard Kirkland

This sculpture is on the Fredericksburg battlefield.

Importance of the Battle of Fredericksburg: Overwhelming Union defeat Burnside withdrawals from Fredericksburg Burnside then resigns (quits)

Battle of Chancellorsville Union general Joe Hooker Confederate general Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson

Important facts about Battle of Chancellorsville Occurs May 1-4th, 1863 Confederate victory Lee considers it his “most perfect” victory Also it is his greatest loss—why? Stonewall Jackson is accidentally killed by his own troops on the last night of the battle Confederacy decides to invade North again!

Battle of Chancellorsville Lee learned of the wounding of Jackson in his left arm and was rumored to say: “HE HAS LOST HIS LEFT ARM AND I HAVE LOST MY RIGHT”

Jackson’s burial site Lexington, Virginia

Battle of Gettysburg

Battle of Gettysburg Important Facts Union general George Meade Confederate general Robert E Lee Largest battle of war – 150,000 total men involved Turning point battle of the war Bloodiest battle of war - 50,000 total casualties First major Union victory 3 Day Battle July 1,2,3

End of the first day

End of the first day Union organize along CEMETARY RIDGE Confederates set up along Seminary Ridge

Gettysburg-2nd Day Lee attacks the end of the Union lines Does not gain any clear advantage

Gettysburg – July 3rd! PICKETT’S CHARGE

Pickett’s Charge Pickett’s Charge Fighting at THE ANGLE

What is the ending result of the attack? Pickett’s Charge is complete failure. Only half of the men returned back to their lines. Confederates retreat the following day Lee say’s : “It’s all my fault” What is the ending result of the attack?

Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Why is it so remembered? Lincoln was able to, in a short speech, tell Americans why the war was important and why the Union needed to win it. Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863

Lincoln at Gettysburg- November 19, 1863.

"I should be glad, if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes." Who said this? Gettysburg Address

main speaker at the Gettysburg "I should be glad, if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes." Edward Everett main speaker at the Gettysburg dedication. Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg Address This is the only photograph of Lincoln during the speech- sitting back down after the speech

The day after the Union wins at Gettysburg they also have a important victory in the West. What is it? Vicksburg falls July 4, 1863 Grant is the victorious commander He is promoted to Commander of ALL Union armies Sets out with new offensive plan– Attack! Final Phase of the War

Final Phase of the War Final Phase of the War Grant will attack Lee’s army in the East Sherman will push towards Atlanta and cut the Confederacy apart in the “Deep South” Maps – p. 488-489 Final Phase of the War

Grant – Summer of 1864 Grant – Summer of 1864

Grant – Summer of 1864 The Wilderness-May 5-7 -1864 Spotsylvania Courthouse May 8-21st Battle of Cold Harbor May 31st – June 12th Grant – Summer of 1864

Sherman His forces push thru Tennessee Eventually he surrounds Atlanta Takes the city in September 1864 Decides to “March to Sea” Will take over one month- to march to Savannah - captures city in December 1864.

Grant --meanwhile

Grant – meanwhile Petersburg Lee fights a long 9 month siege With Grant’s army. Petersburg

What happened at the end? Lee army flees westward What happened at the end?

Lee tries to move west to hook up with another Confederate army

Eventually he is cut off Lee tries to move west to hook up with another Confederate army Eventually he is cut off Confederates retreat

Eventually he is cut off Lee tries to move west to hook up with another Confederate army Eventually he is cut off Confederates retreat Union tries to catch them

April 3 April 3

April 3 April 5 April 3

April 3 April 5 April 3 April 6

April 3 April 5 April 7 April 3 April 6

"General R.E. Lee, Commanding C.S.A.: 5 P.M., April 7th, 1865. The results of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States army known as the Army of Northern Virginia. U.S. Grant, Lieutenant-General

"April 7th, 1865. General: I have received your note of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion you express of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and therefore, before considering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender. R.E. Lee, General."

Appomattox Courthouse This home was the site of the surrender.

Appomattox Courthouse APRIL 9, 1865-is the day the Army of Northern Virginia surrenders Appomattox Courthouse

The Mclean House today!

The surrender. There is nothing left for me to do but to go and see General Grant…..[and] I would rather die a thousand deaths. General Robert E. Lee The surrender.

This is probably the most accurate.

The room today.

Results More than 600,000 dead Union is triumphant The federal government has gained power over the state governments. Lincoln has guided the country through its toughest times since the Revolution.