16 May Prepared by MAAB

16 May 2019MAAB2 Who are the Rohingya? Historically termed Arakanese IndiansIndo-Aryan-speaking people from Rakhine State, Myanmar Estimated 1 million Rohingya living in Myanmar before the 2016–17 crisis The Rohingya have faced military crackdowns in 1978, 1991–1992,2012, 2015 and 2016– 2017 The majority are Muslim while a minority are HinduThe Rohingya population is denied citizenship under the 1982 Myanmar nationality law Described by the United Nations in 2013 as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world

16 May Rohingya in Bangladesh Since the 1970s Rohingya refugees have been coming to Bangladesh from Myanmar In the 1990s, more than 250,000 resided in refugees camps in Bangladesh In the early 2000s, all but 20,000 of them were repatriated to Myanmar This number increased to 624,000 by November 2, 2017, and over 625,000 by December 6, 2017 The UN reported that an estimated 603,000 refugees from Rakhine, Myanmar had crossed the border into Bangladesh since August 25, % of the Rohingya refugees who fled during the latest crisis arrived in September 2017 MAAB

16 May 2019MAAB4 Where are most of the refugees located in Bangladesh? Along the Teknaf- Cox's Bazar highway that is parallel to the Naf River, which is the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar. Most of the refugees are located in or near Cox’s Bazar, a coastal area dependent upon tourism.

16 May 2019MAAB5 Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Bangladesh: A Security Perspective Human SecurityFood SecurityHealth Security Livelihood Security Internal SecurityTransnational Security Border security Environmental Security

16 May 2019MAAB International reactions to the 2016–17 Rohingya persecution in Myanmar On behalf of President Donald Trump, Vice President Mike Pence condemned the "terrible savagery" against the Rohingya Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan described the Rohingya persecution as genocide. Turkey pledged 1,000 tons of relief supplies Switzerland announced financial aid worth more than CHF 12 million for Rohingya refugees. President of the Swiss Confederation Alain Berset visited Rohingya refugee camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh The Kuwaiti government announced US$1.5 million in aid for Rohingya refugees The Italian government expressed grave concern and pledged 7 million euros for Rohingya refugees. The government of Japan extended a US$4 million emergency grant to aid Rohingya refugees in Myanmar and Bangladesh Oraganization UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is a United Nations programme with the mandate to protect refugees

16 May 2019MAAB7 The female Nobel Peace laureates -- Iran's Shirin Ebadi, Yemen's Tawakkol Karman and Northern Ireland's Mairead Maguire – visited the Rohingya camps in Kutupalong and Balukhali and talked to the women. Pope Francis, the leader of the Catholic Church has also visited the rohingya camps. Rohingya Camp Visit by International People

16 May 2019MAAB8 The Rohingya situation is urgent and complex. The mass exodus of Rohingya is already putting enormous stress on the limited resources of Bangladesh. As more Rohingya arrives on a daily basis, there are a number of states and non-state actors that might try to exploit the security situation in this country. Bangladesh must find a comprehensive solution to the refugee crisis and must work out a cohesive security strategy to deal with all the potential threats. Otherwise, this situation will threaten the security of the state. Conclusion

16 May 2019MAAB9 Thank you