PHED 1 Opportunities for Participation Development of PE AS PE PHED 1 Opportunities for Participation Development of PE

The National Curriculum Why was the National Curriculum implemented? What are the aims and structure of the National Curriculum? What changes did the 2008 curriculum bring?

National Curriculum PE (1988-2008) By the end of the 1980s the government wanted More control of education, more teacher accountability National standards for physical education Wider range of activities to be taught Education Reform Act (1988) lead to the introduction of the NCPE Return to the centralised approach to education All state schools now follow set guidelines and are inspected by Ofsted PE’s status was reinforced by making it compulsory for all 5-16 year olds Through PE children should be able to Achieve physical confidence Learn how to plan, perform and evaluate Improve self confidence Perform in a range of activities Improve cognitive skills and decision making Improve health and fitness Improve social skills and leadership qualities Be able to observe and analyse activities

Key Functions Therapeutic functions Raise awareness of the need for a healthy lifestyle (combat more sedentary lifestyle of modern society) Creativity Greater emphasis on creativity through formal assessment Recreational breadth Range of activities has risen (formal requirement) Schools have better facilities and greater use of community facilities More activities which you try the more likely you are to find one which you enjoy (lifelong participation) Critical performer Provide other roles in sport (official, coach and leader) Gives appreciation of other ways to be involved in physical activity

Area of activity Games Swimming Dance Athletic activities Gymnastics OAA

Structure 4 key stages split over primary and secondary school. (1 & 2 = primary, 3 & 4 = secondary) Key stage 1 (5-7 year olds) Limited range of activities with no choice Pupils are required to study gymnastics, games and dance Key stage 2 (7-11 year olds) All six areas should be studied Primary school teachers aren’t usually specialists in PE Recently NGBs have begun to use lottery finding money to provide sports coaches Key stage 3 (11-14 year olds) Wider range of activities on offer at secondary school Key stage 4 (14-16 year olds) Gives a choice of activity

2008 NCPE No longer have prescribed areas of activity to cover Instead have a range and content which they must target:- Outwitting opponents, as is games activities Performing at maximum levels, as in athletic activities Identifying and solving problems to over come challenges of an adventurous nature, as in OAA and swimming Exercising safely and effectively to improve health and well being, as in fitness and health activities Greater freedom for schools to deliver the curriculum which they wish. Double edged sword? Can use specific local facilities- surfing in Cornwall rock climbing in Forest of Dean

Factors affecting PE and sports provision Timetable restrictions Schools reduce amount of allocated time to cater for more ‘academic subjects’ (league tables) Funding and resources Budgets will dictate the quality and breadth of PE experiences (Swimming and OAA) Transport to fixtures affecting inter school sport Quality of staffing Varying qualifications between PE teacher and external coaches Specialist instruction needed for certain activities Quality of facilities Available of the sports specific facilities for PE varies with location School-Club links A positive link between schools and local clubs can improve the access to high quality coaching and facilities

Assessment in National Curriculum PE Each Key stage will have a description and expectation Pupils working ‘towards’ level, ‘at’ level or ‘beyond’ level Advantages Disadvantages Clear goals to reach Too much time on testing Gives incentives and motivation Tests are mainly subjective Improves quality of teaching Not every child can achieve highest level Gives recognition to good teachers Can demotivate teacher and pupils alike Can spot those who need specific help Too much pressure removes fun