Structured exercise improves calf muscle pump function in chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized trial Frank T Padberg, MD, Mark V Johnston, PhD, Sue Ann Sisto, PT, MA, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 39, Issue 1, Pages 79-87 (January 2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2003.09.036
Fig These two limbs represent CEAP clinical class 5 in each of the two groups; both were secondary to other causes, involved all three anatomic segments, and had combined reflux and obstructive pathophysiologic features. Left, Limb from therapy group (n = 17). Right, Limb from control group (n = 13). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 39, 79-87DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2003.09.036)