DERMATOLOGY MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

Lets make this fun https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReC85qqSpHA

Seborrhea Normal skin cell turnover – 3 weeks Time period is shortened in seborrhea Accelerated (few days) => build up of keratin (dead cells) => flakes Altered sebaceous gland secretions Normal secretion of oil in or near hair follicles enriches skin Cell turnover is the process by which our skin produces new skin cells that travel from the lowest layer of the epidermis to the top layer and then shed off the skin. This is what keeps dead cells from building up on the skins surface Seborrhea is a skin condition in dogs that causes flaky skin (dandruff) and greasiness of the skin and hair It is secreting too fast. If it secretes slow, that’s when build up happens and causes pimples.

Seborrhea  This disorder is very common and can lead to a secondary infection of the skin. Often, dogs will smell bad due to the buildup of oil on the skin and hair

Seborrhea Causes Types Primary: hereditary in some breeds Secondary: disease/injury to skin from other causes: Allergies, parasites, nutritional disorders, immune- mediated, endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism) Types Seborrhea sicca: dry, only scaliness Seborrhea oleosa: oily + scales majority of animals will have a combination of both, could also be idiopathic The dry flaky skin makes them scratch West Highland White Terriers, American Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels, Basset Hounds

Seborrhea sicca DRY and SCALY

Seborrhea oleosa Oily skin

Seborrhea – Treatment Medicated shampoos Reduce scaling – sulfur and salicylic acid (keratolytic, keratoplastic), selenium sulphide (keratoplastic, keratolytic, antifungal, degreasing) Conditioners If secondary, treat underlying cause Antifungal and/or antibacterial meds Omega-3 fatty acid supplements Anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic properties Omega-3 regulates oil production to boost hydration Example of secondary: fungus or bacteria that causes inflammation

Seborrheic Fungal Dermatitis Malassezia species Normal in small amounts on the skin Cause infection when skin surface altered/abnormal or immunosuppressed Diagnosed by cytology (stained slides) Samples can be obtained via tape prep or impression smear Tx: 2% miconazole/2% chlorhexidine shampoo Selenium sulfide Other Antifungals: ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole Oral ketoconazole Selenium sulphide: antifungal 2% miconazole/2% chlorhexidine shampoo: Chlorhexidine helps with certain bacteria, Miconazole helps with yeast and fungus

Seborrheic Fungal Dermatitis

Atopy (Atopic dermatitis) Atopy: Allergy to inhaled environmental substances manifested through irritation of skin and ears, usually starting at 1-2 yrs of age Allergens: Dust mites Pollens Feathers Molds Animal and human dander Tobacco smoke Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory, chronic skin disease associated with allergies Depending what the cause is will depend if the animal has allergies year round or seasonal

Atopy (Atopic Dermatitis) Clinical Signs: Pruritus Self-trauma to skin +/- secondary bacterial infection Staining of hair from saliva Licking/chewing feet Alopecia, scaling, hyperpigmentation Hyperpigmentation: patches of skin become darker in color than the normal surrounding skin

Atopy: Appearance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrg62qxPY30 – 4 minutes 36 seconds

Atopy Diagnosis Accurate history R/o food allergies, flea allergy dermatitis, sarcoptic mange, & contact dermatitis BEFORE diagnosis of atopy can be made Intradermal skin testing – most accurate to identify offending allergen This is more from environmental issues: Animal danders, Airborne pollens (grasses, weeds, trees, etc.), Mold spores (indoor and outdoor), House dust mite

Skin Testing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4GDN7voNCE Skin testing is performed to identify the allergens involved in allergic disease. Under profound sedation an area of hair on the chest is shaved and small injections of substances known to be possible allergens made. After 15-20 minutes the reactions are recorded

Atopy Treatment: No cure ID and eliminate cause ATOPICA – contains cyclosporin A (immunosuppressor), Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic Treat any bacterial or fungal infections before using immune suppressive drugs Medication (steroids, Abs) and allergy shots Omega 3 fatty acids Antihistamines-more effective if given before symptoms occur Make sure its Atopy before using Atopica Omega-3 regulates oil production to boost hydration Why use ATOPICA: the immune system overreacts and produces inflammation, which leads to symptoms such as itching, redness and skin barrier problems. An immunosuppressant drug helps control this and decrease a reaction.

Food Allergies 10% of all allergies Usually starts between 2-6 yrs Processed foods increase likelihood of reaction Fillers, artificial colors, preservatives Better quality diet is best Most common allergies: Protein such as, chicken or beef

Food allergies in dogs

Food allergies in cats Cats more on head, ears and face

Clinical signs: Symptoms of food allergies in dogs vary, but the most common complaint is non- seasonal itching that may involve the whole body focused on the ears and feet Chronic or recurrent ear and skin infections are also typical. Some dogs may even develop vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive gassiness https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5ONqPUqkho

Food Allergies Dx and Tx Elimination diets: new source of protein for 3 mo. If symptoms improve, reintroduce original protein to see if symptoms recur Use new diet for life May develop allergies to new diet later

Treatment Foods can be obtained based on venision and potato, fish and potato, egg and rice, duck and pea, and even kangaroo.