Warm Up By 1834, Texas was divided into the departments of Bexar, Brazos, and Nacagdoches. As part of Santa Anna’s reforms of 1834, a representative from each department of Texas would sit in the state legislature. Which department had the most territory? Which Texas department has the longest coastline?

Warm Up The Texas Revolution began with the Battle of Gonzales on October 2, 1835. It was followed by two Texan victories. Where did the Texan troops go after the Battle of Gonzales? Based on the troop movements around San Antonio de Bexar, which side won the fight there? Why do you think so?

Texas Revolution

The Battle of Gonzales General Cos goes to Texas with more Mexican troops, planning to arrest disloyal Texans First Battle of the Texas Revolution People of Gonzales had a small brass cannon that was a gift from Spain In September 1835, Colonel Domingo de Ugartechea (Mexican commander) went to retrieve the cannon Texans heard the Mexicans wanted the cannon so they buried it- Mexicans left without the cannon

The men at Gonzales gathered 160 troops On September 29, 1835, Mexican Lieutenant Francisco de Castaneda returned to Gonzales with 100 soldiers to retrieve the cannon The men at Gonzales gathered 160 troops The men dug up the cannon and mounted it onto a wagon The Texans decorated the front of the wagon with a white flag that said “come and take it” October 2, 1835- Texans attack the Mexican troops in Gonzales Mexican troops withdraw to San Antonio The revolution officially begins

The Battle at Goliad October 9, 1835 A force of about 120 Texans attack the Mexican garrison at Goliad Mexican troops at Goliad surrender within 30 minutes Goliad was a strategic location between the Gulf of Mexico and San Antonio The Texans also captured a large amount of weapons and ammunition at Goliad

Stephen F. Austin took command of the 300 troops gathered in Gonzales The only large Mexican force remaining was at San Antonio de Bexar (military base) Stephen F. Austin took command of the 300 troops gathered in Gonzales Austin had no military training but people trusted him Troops known as the army of the people Marched to San Antonio, had 400 troops by the time they reached San Antonio General Cos (Mexican general) had about 650 soldiers Texans decided San Antonio would be a difficult battle and instead held a siege Siege- military blockade of a city or fort

Consultation of 1835 November 3, 1835 Big question Texans had to decide: Work with Mexico to bring down Santa Anna, or fight for independence from Mexico? War Party- wanted independence from Mexico; led by William Harris Wharton and Henry Smith Peace Party- Wanted to join Mexico in the fight against Santa Anna (not for independence) November 6, 1835- Members at the consultation voted for war or peace- 14 voted for independence, 33 voted against independence

Declaration of the People of Texas in General Convention Assembled Texans loyal to Mexico Urged other Mexicans to fight against Santa Anna Texas no longer bound to Mexico Offered land to anyone who fought alongside the Texans Provisional Government Formed Texans no longer felt part of Mexico, so created a temporary government Henry Smith was governor (part of War party) War Texas created an army and named Sam Houston as commander (did not include Stephen F. Austin’s army)

The Grass Fight Texans were still laying siege at San Antonio de Bexar with Stephen F. Austin as commander James Bowie and Juan Seguin joined the army Volunteer army numbered 600 by November Mexicans number 750 Throughout the fall of 1835, Mexicans and Texans had many skirmishes near the fort William Barret Travis captued 300 mules and horses from the Mexican army

November 25, 1835- Stephen F. Austin went to U. S November 25, 1835- Stephen F. Austin went to U.S. to gather money and supplies November 26, 1835- a scout named Erastus “Deaf” Smith saw the Mexican cavalry heading to San Antonio Texans thought the cavalry was holding bags of silver to pay the men in San Antonio Texans decided to attack the cavalry to try to get that silver The Texans forced the Mexicans to flee from the fort (San Antonio de Bexar) Texans captured more than 3 dozen mules Texans found that the mules were not carrying silver; they were carrying grass to feed the animals

The Battle of San Antonio de Bexar December 1835 Texan leaders argued aver whether or not to attack San Antonio Burleson thought about ending the siege A Mexican officer surrendered Texans thought the Mexicans would now be easy to defeat because they had low morale and limited supplies Texans ultimately decided not to attack, but not all Texans agreed

Benjamin Milam wanted to fight in San Antonio anyway About 300 men decided to go with him, including Frank The Battle: December 5, 1835 Mexican forces driven toward the center of town Mexicans took refuge in an abandoned mission, The Alamo Mexican troops surrendered on December 9, 1835 General Cos agreed to move Mexican soldiers south of the Rio Grande Cos agreed he would not fight against the Texans again Texans officially captured San Antonio Because Mexican troops moved south of the Rio Grande, Texans thought the war was over and returned home

The Matamoros Expedition The port of Matamoros (mouth of the Rio Grande) was a great source of income Philip Dimmitt wanted to take Matamoros from Mexico Dimmitt worked with Sam Houston and Governor Smith to plan an attack at Matamoros Francis W. Johnson- leader of the army in San Antonio Prepared a plan of his own to take Matamoros

January 14, 1836- Johnson took command of the expedition The expedition never happened- Santa Anna was moving north to Texas with a large army Disagreement in the government led to the expedition being canceled Texans no longer liked Henry Smith as governor Texans declared Lieutenant Governor James Robinson as head of state Smith refused to leave office During the month of February 1836, Texas had no government

Convention of 1836 March 1, 1836- Texans hold a convention Texans were determined to split from Mexico Richard Ellis was chosen as chairman of the convention- ran each session H.S. Kimble was chosen as secretary- recorded debates and decisions George Childress- in charge of writing a Declaration of Independence

March 2, 1836- Texans approved the Texas Declaration of Independence March 16, 1836- Constitution was approved for the Republic of Texas Other decisions made by the convention Required all males between ages of 17 and 50 to serve in the Texas Army Offered land grants of 1,280 acres to people that joined the army and continued until the war ended The war was not over… During the convention, the Battle of the Alamo was being fought in San Antonio

Continuing the War Santa Anna invaded Texas During the Convention of 1836, Texans knew they had no time to hold elections for the government David G. Burnet- first president of Texas Sam Houston- Commander in Chief of the army

President Burnet went to a town called Harrisburg Many delegates of the Convention of 1836 wanted to leave the convention to help in the Battle of the Alamo- Houston convinced them to stay Houston left the convention on March 6 to take command of the army at Gonzales The convention heard reports that the Alamo had fallen, and Santa Anna was on his way toward the convention With this news, the convention ended President Burnet went to a town called Harrisburg