Large Intestine About 1 ½ meters long; begins in the lower right side of the abdominal cavity, extends upward, turns left and then descends down to the anal canal

Large Intestine Cecum: dilated, pouchlike structure that attaches to ileum Veriform appendix: contains lymphatic tissue; no known digestive function Colon: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon Rectum: next to sacrum and extends to just below coccyx where it becomes the… Anal canal: membrane with opening called anus Internal anal sphincter: smooth involuntary External anal sphincter: skeletal voluntary

Large intestine Does not absorb nutrients Only secretion…mucus Chyme that enters large intestine contains materials that the small intestine did not absorb; it is mixed with water, electrolytes, mucus, and bacteria Peristaltic movements of large intestine only happen two to three times each day Mass movement Defecation reflex: hold a deep breath and contract the abdominal walls

What’s in the large intestine? Feces: composed of water, electrolytes, mucus, material not absorbed by digestion, and bacteria Color comes from bile pigments, odor from bacterial metabolism

Nutrition and Nutrients Nutrition: process by which the body takes in and utilizes necessary food substances

Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Sometimes Water Nutrients cells cannot synthesize are essential nutrients Essential amino acids Essential vitamins

http://www.calorie-count.com/ http://www.nutritiondata.com/ http://www.ntwrks.com/~mikev/chart1.html Calories per day About what % from carbs, fats, proteins

Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Primary fuel source Intake requirements dependent upon activity level Minimum: 130-170 grams Sources: grains, sugars, vegetables, cellulose Lipids Necessary component of biochemicals Essential fatty acids must be eaten (e.g. linoleic acid) Minimum usually not a problem in a typical diet Sources: oils, nuts (unsaturated) milk, meats, eggs (saturated)

Nutrients Proteins ENZYMES, many structural components Many essential amino acids (lysine, valine, phenylalanine, et. al.) Recommended minimum: 0.8 g per kg of body weight (lbs. ÷ 2.2 = kg) Sources: fish, poultry, dairy, nuts, eggs, some cereals (lesser amounts in some beans & peas)

Vitamins Organic compounds required in small amounts for metabolic processes but which cells cannot synthesize in adequate amounts Fat-soluble dissolve in fats A,D,E,K Water-soluble dissolve in water B vitamins (thiamine B1, riboflavin B2, B6, niacin, folic acid, B12, pantothenic acid) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Minerals Dietary elements other than carbon that are essential to metabolism Major minerals; most common and make up most by weight Calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorous Trace elements; found in minute quantities Iron, iodine, zinc, fluorine, copper, manganese