Related Issue 3 To What Extent Should Internationalism be pursued ? This is the third of the four overarching related issue questions that will help us understand the Key Issue of this course (remember - To What Extent Should We Embrace Nationalism?) This related issue question will cover chapters 9-12.

Chapter 9 – Nations, Nation-States and Internationalism Chapter Issue - To what extent does involvement in international affairs benefit nations and states? What are some common motives of nations and states? How do the motives of nations and states shape their responses to the world? What are some understandings of internationalism? How does internationalism benefit nations and states?

Common motives of people. Needs – basic requirements for human survival such as food, water, shelter, health. Wants – what people desire whether or not it is required to survive such as nice clothes or a fancy car. Yes, a new cell phone is a want . . . Not a need!

Common motives of nations Successful nations, especially democratic nations, are often motivated by the needs of their people. They try to serve their citizens by providing economic stability, peace and security, and self-determination and humanitarian activities.

Terms Economic Stability – people and nations face similar questions about the future. How do we provide continued economic support? One of the big factors here is to have a high employment rate OR a low unemployment rate. This will allow the majority of people to have more money to spend on goods which, in turn, creates more demand and more jobs giving more people more money. (BIG CYCLE Fig.9-4)

Cont’d Another factor involved with economic stability is a good education system so that all required jobs can be filled. If people can’t provide the required product (and they wont if they are not trained properly) then they are not fulfilling the demand.

Cont’d Peace and security – It is difficult for people to be productive when they are constantly in fear. Safety is something that allows people to go to school or work and be productive. In Canada, because of the charter of rights and freedoms this is something that the government must provide. What would it be like to live somewhere without this?

Cont’d Nations want this same security and often try to work with others to ensure peaceful coexistence Do you think a nation with a strong military would work as hard as other nations to co-operate towards peaceful coexistence?

Cont’d Self-determination – most people agree that it is important to choose how they live their lives. Most countries want to decide their own futures as well and they may seek self-determination within a country such as many indigenous groups in Canada or their own sovereignty such as what happened with the former Soviet Union. Read about the Carcross on page pg.213

Cont’d Humanitarian acts often involve people of a community working together to help each other. Often these communities are local but, as we have seen, communities can extend to much broader definitions. This can involve fundraising and sheltering or protecting those in need.

Botswana vs. Zimbabwe Read “Georeality” on page 216 and 217 and do the exploration questions.

How motives shape responses Depending on what a nation wants it can lead to different choices in how they will act within the global community. Isolationism is when the country completely avoids interacting with the rest of the world. For example, Japan before 1854 or The United States’ Glorious Isolation prior to the Great War. Who is Matthew Perry? (Read page 220)

Cont’d Unilateralism is when a country responds to an event by themselves (uni = one) Bilateralism is when 2 countries are motivated by the same issue and they both respond to it. For example the 1991 agreement between Canada and the US to reduce acid rain.

Cont’d Multilateralism involves several countries working together such as when “middle powers” (countries that have some say in things but aren’t superpowers – like Canada) work together to have a more powerful voice than they would alone.

Cont’d Supranationalism is when countries agree to abide by the decisions of international organizations. An example would be the European Union because in order to join a nation must give up some of its decision making power in return.

The countries in red use the Euro as their currency

3 readers for “Taking turns” on page 221. Answer the “your turn” question in your daily log.

Understandings of Internationalism Is the world one big community and resource that we, as humans, should all be responsible for? Should we all be held accountable to each other if you think this is the case? If we apply this approach and answer yes to these questions then we are embracing internationalism.

WHO Who stands for the world health organization which was founded in 1948 as an agency of the united nations. It is responsible for coordinating information about diseases and measuring nutrition, sanitation, population planning and health of mothers and children. An example of how this ties into what we have been talking about, when the last case of smallpox was recorded, treated, and eradicated it gave everyone more security and peace of mind.

Right to play While the WHO is a large organization supporting internationalism there are also individuals who do so as well. Right to Play is an NGO that encourages and supports children being able to play sports. Read about Clara Hughes and her impact on page 225 and do the exploration questions.

How does internationalism benefit nations In order to prevent catastrophic wars like those of the 20th Century, the world has come together in many various ways. By doing this we have been able to promote the 4 things that many nations are motivated by (security & peace, economic stability, self-determination, and humanitarianism)

Cont’d Not only do we have groups looking out for human rights but we also have groups that, and some will argue this, support the development of growing nations. These organizations are the international monetary fund (IMF) and the World Bank and they give loans to developing nations.

Chapter Summary Do the think, participate, research and communicate questions on page 228 & 229

Supplemental Slides for RI4 (from 20-1)

Forming the League of Nations

League of Nations formed after WWI

It didn’t work! WWII still happened!

Hamburg was turned into a firestorm!

Winston Churchill (leader of England) was involved in making a new plan!

Hiroshima after the nuke was dropped

Dresden was bombed until nothing was left

This is what Dresden looked like after the bombing

The bodies piled up in Dresden

Sir Winston Churchill

They all decided to go to this resort just outside of New York They all decided to go to this resort just outside of New York. (Bretton Woods)

Ski Resort at Bretton Woods

John Meynerd Keynes was there!

The U.N. was then formed

Later on the WTO replaced GATT

Robert Mugabe has said that these organizations are just keeping Africa in poverty!

His country (Zimbabwe) is in total chaos.