England and France Develop Chapter 14 Section 3

England Absorbs Waves of Invaders Early Invasions: Viking invaders kept England and France from becoming established civilizations The Norman Conquest William the Conqueror took the throne after it had been left vacant He would move the Normans in to conquer England.

England’s Evolving Government Henry the II, took over the throne after William. He created a common law Unified body of law Created juries and courts to hear cases. After Henry died several successors took the throne, John Softsword. Harsh ruler, squeezed money out of his subjects, constantly raised taxes. His noblemen revolted and forced him to sign the Magna Carta. They also created a democratic government called a parliament. House of Commons and House and Lords

Question On Page 395 read and answer the questions under the “Analyzing Primary Sources” section

The Hundreds Years’ War and the Plague Chapter 14 Section 4

A Church Divided The Great Schism (or divide) happened when the people decided to elect multiple Popes. John Wycliffe preached that the Pope was not the head of the church, Jesus Christ was the head of the church. Further weakening the Pope’s role. Wycliffe believed: Clergy should not own land or have wealth The Bible is the final authority on life not the Pope.

The Bubonic Plague Origins of the Plague Effects of the Plague Began in Asia, and traveled along trade routes to other areas. Boats would help spread the black death to Europe. The Plague reached all corners of the continent in 4 years, killing 25 million people. Effects of the Plague Town populations fell Trade declined and prices rose. Serfs left manors Revolts started Jews were blamed for the plague People left religion because prayer didn’t stop the disease.

The Hundred Years’ War The Hundred Years’ War was fought from 1337-14553 (Page 402) Why did it start? What was it between? What change in style was brought into the war?

Joan of Arc Believed she was called from God to rescue France from the English control. At the age of 13 she heard voices, and had visions from saints. Joan led the French army to capture Fort Orleans. She returned the crown to Charles VII She was captured in battle and turned over to the church for trial. Charles did nothing. She was considered a witch, and a heretic She was burned at the stake May 1431

Impact of the War A Sense of nationalism emerged in England and France. Kings were seen as national leaders The power of the French monarch increased. England faced internal struggle, War of Roses, fighting over the throne. The age of faith disappeared