Chapter 8 Heart and Lungs at Work Kinesiology Books Publisher 1

Table of Contents Cardiovascular Anatomy Cardiovascular Physiology Heart Peripheral Circulatory System Red Blood Cells Cardiovascular Physiology Transport of Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Uptake Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology Structure Function Exercise Effects on Cardiorespiratory System Cardiac Output Capillary Supply Blood Volume Ventilation Exercise and Environments Altitude Temperature Kinesiology Books Publisher 2

Cardiovascular system Supplies muscles and organs with O2 Removes metabolic by-products from tissues Critical for performance Kinesiology Books Publisher 3

Cardiovascular Anatomy Heart Peripheral Circulatory System Red Blood Cells Kinesiology Books Publisher 4

Heart Pumps blood through the human body Kinesiology Books Publisher 5

Structure: Muscle Cells 3 layers: Endocardium (innermost) Lines heart chambers Allows smooth blood flow Myocardium (middle) Thick and muscular Pumps blood Epicardium (outer) Thin Protection Pericardium Protective sac Loosely surrounds heart Kinesiology Books Publisher 6

Pericardial cavity 2. Myocardium Pericardium (outer) 1. Endocardium 3. Epicardium Pericardial cavity Pericardium (outer) Pericardium (inner) Kinesiology Books Publisher 7

Structure: Chambers and Vessels Ventricles Pump blood to the body Right ventricle Deoxygenated blood To lungs Via pulmonary artery Left ventricle Oxygenated blood To body Via aorta Aorta Pulmonary artery Left ventricle Right ventricle Kinesiology Books Publisher 8

Inferior/superior vena cava Structure: Chambers and Vessels Atria Pump blood into ventricles Right atrium Deoxygenated blood From body Via superior/inferior vena cava Left atrium Oxygenated blood From lungs Via pulmonary vein Pulmonary vein Inferior/superior vena cava Left atrium Right atrium Kinesiology Books Publisher 9

Structure: Valves 1 1 2 2 Semilunar valves Open when ventricles contract to direct blood flow into arteries Pulmonary valve: right ventricle  pulmonary artery Aortic valve: left ventricle  aorta Close when ventricles relax to prevent backflow 1 2 1 2 Kinesiology Books Publisher 10

Structure: Valves 1 1 2 2 Atrioventricular valves Open when atria contract to direct blood flow into ventricles Tricuspid valve: right atrium  right ventricle Bicuspid / mitral valve: left atrium  left ventricle Close when atria relax to prevent backflow 1 2 1 2 Kinesiology Books Publisher 11

Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from body via superior/ inferior vena cava Right atrium pumps deoxygenated blood to right ventricle through tricuspid valve Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary valve to lungs via pulmonary artery Oxygenated blood enters left atrium from lungs via pulmonary vein Left atrium pumps oxygenated blood to left ventricle through bicuspid valve Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through aortic valve to body via aorta 1 3 1 3 2 2 Kinesiology Books Publisher 12