Conditional Statements

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Presentation transcript:

Conditional Statements Related Conditionals Conditional Statements

Conditional Statement A statement that can be written in if-then form. An if-then statement is of the form if p, then q (p→q). The hypothesis is the phrase following the word if (p). The conclusion is the phrase following the word then (q).

Examples Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional statement. If the Cowboys are playing, then Tony Romo is hurt. You will have to take a retest if you do not make a passing grade.

Examples Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional statement. If the Cowboys are playing, then Tony Romo is hurt. H: The Cowboys are playing C: Tony Romo is hurt You will have to take a retest if you do not make a passing grade. H: You do not make a passing grade C: You will have to take a retest

Examples Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional statement. If a polygon has 4 sides, then it is a trapezoid. No credit will be given if you fail to show your work.

Examples Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional statement. If a polygon has 4 sides, then it is a trapezoid. H: A polygon has 4 sides C: It is a trapezoid No credit will be given if you fail to show your work. H: You fail to show work C: No credit is given

Conditional Statements Some conditional statements are written without using the words if and then. “Rectangles have four sides.” “Bald people are awesome.”

Examples Identify the hypothesis and conclusion for each conditional statement. Then write the statement in if-then form. 18 year olds are able to vote. Tickets are issued to people that speed.

Examples Identify the hypothesis and conclusion for each conditional statement. Then write the statement in if-then form. 18 year olds are able to vote. If you are 18 years old, then you are able to vote Tickets are issued to people that speed. If you speed, then you will be issued a ticket.

Examples Identify the hypothesis and conclusion for each conditional statement. Then write the statement in if-then form. Freshmen can attend high school. Good grades are for those that study.

Examples Identify the hypothesis and conclusion for each conditional statement. Then write the statement in if-then form. Freshmen can attend high school. If you are a freshman, then you can attend high school Good grades are for those that study. If you study, then you get good grades.

Truth Values

Truth Values When the hypothesis of a conditional is not met, the truth of a conditional cannot be determined. Then the conditional statement is considered true by default. “If a triangle has four sides, then it is concave.” The hypothesis is false, since a triangle cannot have four sides, however, the statement is still true.

Related Conditionals Conditionals: p→q Converse: q→p Inverse: ~p→~q Contrapositive: ~q→~p

Related Conditionals A conditional and its contrapositive are either both true or both false. The converse and inverse are either both true or both false. Statements with the same truth values are said to be logically equivalent.

Examples Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of each true conditional statement. Determine whether each related conditional is true or false. If a statement is false, find a counterexample. Conditional: If you live in Dallas, then you live in Texas.

Examples Converse: If you live in Texas, then you live in Dallas; F Inverse: If you don’t live in Dallas, then you don’t live in Texas; F Contrapositive: If you don’t live in Texas, then you don’t live in Dallas; True