The Distribution of Worlds Biomes: Ch. 6 Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) The Distribution of Worlds Biomes: Ch. 6 Figure: 41.7 Title: The distribution of biomes Caption: Although mountain ranges and the sheer size of the continents complicate the pattern of biomes, note the overall consistencies. Tundras and coniferous forests are in the northernmost parts of the Northern Hemisphere, whereas the deserts of Mexico, the Sahara, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Australia are located about 20° to 30° N and S. Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Tropical Rain Forest Figure: 41.UN08 Title: Tropical rain forest Caption: Chapter 40

Tropical Rain Forest Biome Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Tropical Rain Forest Biome Hot & wet, warm all yr. Round Climbing plants, vines, large woody vines, tall trees, ferns, orchids, jungle Colorful insects, sloths, parrots, toucans, lots of biodiversity Highest Biodiversity Figure: 41.9 Title: The tropical rain forest biome Caption: (a) Towering trees draped with vines reach for the light in the dense tropical rain forest. Because food and light energy are found high in trees, amid their branches dwells the most diverse assortment of animals on Earth. Chapter 40

Tropical Dry (Deciduous Forest) Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Tropical Dry (Deciduous Forest) Further from equator, moderate precipitation, Pronounced wet & dry seasons; deciduous trees Figure: 41.UN10a Title: Tropical deciduous forest Caption: Chapter 40

Tropical Dry (Deciduous Forest) Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Tropical Dry (Deciduous Forest) Warm yr. Round, alternating wet and dry seasons Tall deciduous trees, dense canopy during wet, aloes and succulents Large animals, carnivores such as tigers, many of insects, migratory species, elephants, monkeys, snakes, and termites Figure: 41.9 Title: The tropical rain forest biome Caption: (a) Towering trees draped with vines reach for the light in the dense tropical rain forest. Because food and light energy are found high in trees, amid their branches dwells the most diverse assortment of animals on Earth. Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Savanna Figure: 41.UN10b Title: Savanna Caption: Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Savanna Warm temps, seasonal rain, frequent fires Tall perennial grasses, drought tolerant species, fire resistant trees and shrubs Large predators, lions leopards, cheetahs, hyena’s, large herbivores, elephants, giraffes, and zebra Figure: 41.11a Title: The African savanna Caption: Elephants Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Deserts Figure: 41.UN12 Title: Deserts Caption: Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) The Desert Biome Low precipitation, variation in temperature Cacti, succulents, short growth cycles Mountain lion, gray fox, bobcat, mule deer, owls, hawks and rattle snakes Figure: 41.13a Title: The desert biome Caption: (a) Under the most extreme conditions of heat and drought, deserts can be almost devoid of life, such as these sand dunes of the Sahara Desert in Africa. Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) The Sonoran Desert Arizona Flowers indicate recent rain Saguaro cactus unique to this desert Figure: 41.14 Title: The Sonoran Desert Caption: In spring this Arizona desert is carpeted with wildflowers. Through much of the year, annual wildflower seeds lie dormant, waiting for the spring rains to fall. Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Temperate Grasslands Figure: 41.UN15 Title: Grasslands Caption: Chapter 40

Temperate Grasslands (Midwest USA) Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Temperate Grasslands (Midwest USA) Shortgrass Prairie Temperature extremes, warm to hot summers, cold winters, seasonal precipitation Lush grasses, drought, fire, and cold resistant, species Coyotes, badgers, mule deer, rabbits, prairie dogs, hawks Largest biome in United States Example: Nebraska Figure: 41.17a Title: Shortgrass prairie Caption: The lands east of the Rocky Mountains receive relatively little rainfall. Sagebrush Desert or Shortgrass Prairie Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Chaparral Figure: 41.UN14 Title: Chaparral Caption: Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Chaparral Warm dry summers, cool wet winters Woody evergreens, fragrant oily plants Coyotes, foxes bobcats, blacktail deer, rabbit and hawks Example: California & Mediterranean Figure: 41.15 Title: The chaparral biome Caption: This biome is limited primarily to coastal mountains in dry regions, such as the San Gabriel Mountains in southern California. Chaparral is maintained by frequent fires set by summer lightning. Although the tops of the plants may be burned off, the roots send up new sprouts the following spring. Chapter 40

Temperate Deciduous Forests Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Temperate Deciduous Forests Figure: 41.UN16 Title: Temperate deciduous forests Caption: Chapter 40

The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) The Temperate Deciduous Forest Cold to moderate winters, warm summers, year round precipitation Broad leaf deciduous some conifers, flowering shrubs Whitetail deer, black bear, bobcat, squirrel, song birds and skunk Example: Pennsylvania, larges biome in the Eastern United States Figure: 41.19a Title: The temperate deciduous forest biome Caption: Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Temperate Rain Forest Figure: 41.UN19 Title: Temperate rain forest Caption: Chapter 40

Temperate Rain Forest (Pacific Northwest) Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Temperate Rain Forest (Pacific Northwest) Chapter 40 Mild temperatures, heavy rainfall during fall and winter, Cool dry summers Douglas firs, sitka spruce, Western hemlock, western red cedar and redwoods Bear, elk, deer, beaver, owls bobcats, and eagles Example: Western Washington State, coastal Figure: 41.20a Title: The temperate rain forest biome Caption: (a) The Hoh River temperate rain forest in Olympic National Park. The coniferous trees do not block the light as effectively as do broadleaf trees, so ferns, mosses, and wildflowers grow in the pale green light of the forest floor. Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Boreal Forest (Taiga) Figure: 41.UN20 Title: Taiga Caption: Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Boreal Forest (Taiga) Long winters, mild summers Needle leaf conifers, spruce, fir, berry shrubs Lynx, timber wolves, moose, beaver, weasel family, and eagles Example: Parts of Alaska, Canada and Maine Figure: 41.21a Title: The taiga (or northern coniferous forest) biome Caption: (a) The small needles and pyramidal shape of conifers allow them to shed heavy snows. Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) Tundra Figure: 41.UN22 Title: Tundra Caption: Chapter 40

Biology: Life on Earth (Audesirk) The Tundra Biome Permafrost, string winds, low precipitation, short soggy summers and long dark winters Ground cover plants, mosses, lichens, sedges and short grasses Birds and mammals that tolerate harsh conditions Artic fox, caribou, small rodents (lemmings) Figure: 41.23a Title: The tundra biome Caption: (a) Life on the tundra is adapted to cold. Example: Much of Alaska, Canada and the artic Chapter 40