M.S college of arts, science, commerce and bms INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION Concept and Nature of Management Harold Koontz : “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups.” Nature / Characteristics of Management Process - Planning , Organizing , Directing ,controlling . All Pervasive - Business Organization, Educational institutions, charitable trusts. Result oriented -Reduction in wastages, motivated workforce, and enhanced efficiency. Professional approach - delegate authority, invite suggestions encourage initiative. Established principles - unity of command discipline, division of work. Multidisciplinary – Management science, psychology, philosophy, economics. Dynamic in nature – new and creative ideas, cost – effective, better product.

Managerial Skill and Competencies Conceptual skill - top level management Conceptual skill enables managers to visualize analyze and understand various aspects of problems   Human skill - All level management Human skill enable interact with people within and outside the organization Technical skill - lower level management Technical skill helps to deal with day to day operations ansd activities Design skill Administrative skill Decision making skill Communication skill Leadership skill Persuading and negotiating skill

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT Planning- Objectives, policies, procedures and methods Organizing - Work division, work assignment, and authority utilization Staffing – performance appraisal ,tanning and development Decision making – indentified and selecting action to solve problem Directing – leading communication motivating Co-ordinating –actual activity conform to plan activity Reporting & Budgeting - Report to top level management

Scientific Management Theory - F.W.Taylor Frederick Winslow Taylor the pioneer of SMT advocated a scientific study of task to increase productivity PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY Development of true science of management Scientific selection of workers Scientific training and development if workers Close cooperation between management and workers Maximum output in place of restricted output Division of work   TECHNIQUE OF / ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT Performance standards Differential piece rate system Functional foremanship Mental revolution Time study Fatigue and motion study

FAYOL’S PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Authority and responsibility Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of interest Remuneration Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure Initiative Esprit de corps

Neo classical theory (Human relations movement) HUMAN RELATION APPROACH Human relation approach is management can manage people in organization effectively and get the work done from them efficiently by fulfilling their social and psychological needs. PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN RELATION APPROACH: Recognition and appreciation Feelings and emotions Informal relations Job security and job satisfaction Communication Conflicts and misunderstandings Freedom from strict supervision Participate in decision -making

ELTON MAYO’S HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENTS PARTS OF HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENTS: Part – I – Illumination experiment (1924-27) National research council made a study in collaboration with western electric to determine the effect of different levels of illumination on productivity of labour. Part – II– Relay Assembly test (Room experiments -1927-29) Part –III – mass interviewing program(1928-31) Part-IV – Bank wiring observation (Room experiment)   CONCLUSIONS OF THE HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENT: Social and psychological factors Informal and interpersonal relations Freedom to participate in decision – making Employee- welfare Respect and dignity Effective communication

Peter Ducker’s Dimensions of Management Management is the organ of the organization, through which it operates to fulfill the specific social purpose and to satisfy specific need of the society, community or a group.   PETER DUCKER’S FIVE DIMENSIONS OF MANAGEMENT : Purpose and mission Productive work and worker achievement Social impacts and social responsibility Time dimension Administration and entrepreneurship

Significance of Indian Ethos to Management Ethics in functional areas Professionalism Respect Equity Team spirit Authority and Responsibility Discipline Loyalt Attitude Humanity Passion Law of giving and receiving Law of dharma Law of karma