Chapter 18 APUSH Mrs. Price

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 18 APUSH Mrs. Price “Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people.” -Eleanor Roosevelt

Growth of the Cities 40% lived in cities by 1900; majority by 1920 Who came: rural residents, Southern blacks, immigrants Problems: fires, disease, pollution, poverty, crime Housing varied: mansions to tenements

Growth of the Cities

Housing Conditions

Dumbbell Tenements

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives

Immigrants 10 million between 1860-1890; 18 million between 1890-1920 After 1880 came from southern & eastern Europe

Ethnic Communities Common in large cities Native language newspapers Stores with native foods Push to Americanize in schools, churches, jobs

Exclusion Efforts 1887: American Protective Association - wanted to curb immigration 1894: Immigration Restriction League - literacy tests to screen immigrants Beginning in 1882 Congress barred entry to certain groups & taxed each person admitted

Political Machines Helped immigrants assimilate Traded jobs & services for votes Boss Tweed – NYC; headed Tammany Hall Machine

Effects of Political Machines Corruption Modernized city infrastructures Expanded role of govt Created stability

Rise of Mass Consumption Incomes rose (but at uneven rate) Development of a prosperous & influential middle class Development of affordable products & new ways of selling

Ready Made Clothing Canned food Chain stores (Woolworths) Mail Order Houses (Sears Roebuck & Montgomery Ward) Department Stores (Marshall Fields, Macys)

Education Rapid expansion By 1870: most states made grade school compulsory Spread of public high schools (1880s-1900s) Private Catholic schools grew due to immigration

Education cont. Illiteracy rates fell 1870: 20% 1900: 10.7% Efforts to educate Native Americans failed due to problems with administration Number of universities increased – land grant colleges

Educational Opportunities for Women Allowed to attend public high schools Creation of Women’s colleges (Mount Holyoke, Vassar, Wellesley, Smith, Bryn Mawr)

Leisure Working hours declined 1860: 70 hrs/wk 1900: under 60 hrs/wk Amusement Parks (Coney Island) Movie Theatres Sporting Events Concert Halls, Dance Halls, Vaudeville Houses

Coney Island, NY

Regent Theatre, NYC (1913)

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